tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24378151088516025692024-03-14T02:17:39.511-04:00Military Insignia 3D This blog is dedicated to our men and women in uniforms, as well as to all militaria enthusiasts. "Military Insignia 3D" is about the art of military heraldry. This will be an interactive diary, following my project. The idea is to recreate and gather under one roof the most comprehensive collection of high quality military insignia, highlighting the true beauty of such images.
For custom orders, or if you are interested in sponsoring this project, you may contact me via my Blogger profile.
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.comBlogger92125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-36632219959816074472022-04-15T18:22:00.003-04:002022-04-15T18:27:48.690-04:00Friends of Ukrainian Law Enforcement Coin<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuTntiY2WAvN8aspNZquI-GAIT7IERTijGLTZQ00EWqu1YpYK6-Ysc-TFA2IolpDRRH6qscRLKGQanPWYVfJIdqM07pNLGtaW5L7fgSbjcQ8fLmPOBF5-90ZjH3_A2QGyZu-dxjilfPAgoJLgZUdt-2NPfbrjjHDevVj8vKb1TCX1sz4vpYg88tfUk7A/s576/Friends%20of%20Ukrainian%20Law%20Enforcement%20Coin%20%5B1.0%5D.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="536" data-original-width="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuTntiY2WAvN8aspNZquI-GAIT7IERTijGLTZQ00EWqu1YpYK6-Ysc-TFA2IolpDRRH6qscRLKGQanPWYVfJIdqM07pNLGtaW5L7fgSbjcQ8fLmPOBF5-90ZjH3_A2QGyZu-dxjilfPAgoJLgZUdt-2NPfbrjjHDevVj8vKb1TCX1sz4vpYg88tfUk7A/s16000/Friends%20of%20Ukrainian%20Law%20Enforcement%20Coin%20%5B1.0%5D.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>While a brutal and unjustified war initiated by russian federation is unfolding in Ukraine, every little bit of help for the heroic country of Ukraine counts. Here is one of the projects brought to life in collaboration with <a href="https://sgsmarketing.ca/"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">SGS Marketing</span></b></a>, Canada’s premier producer of medals, challenge coins, badges, patches and other related items. It is a challenge coin dedicated to members of Calagary Police Service personnel who went to Ukraine to train and reform the country’s police service in the wake of the Maidan Revolution in 2014 that ousted pro-russian president Victor Yanukovych and set the stage for moscow’s attacks.</p><p>All proceeds from this project will be donated towards helping Ukraine </p>Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-79181072221451899532020-02-22T18:28:00.001-05:002020-02-22T18:28:36.875-05:00United States Space Force - USSF<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqgAT7bNUvQTY6W5ZDYc62z1Mw3y7jKanbMW9UOmvnC2wE7l1Zujyqe45pEZjw4yL4xAHnIlwaFgyOEPN0JcD4XudRgro4PGFx3u4fe_V7UYtkSSGQ3Cc5BDM2JDSDxEp1xDYhGFAyUxs3/s1600/United+States+Space+Force+%255BUSSF%252BUSSPACECOM%255D%255BSEAL%252BAFSB%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqgAT7bNUvQTY6W5ZDYc62z1Mw3y7jKanbMW9UOmvnC2wE7l1Zujyqe45pEZjw4yL4xAHnIlwaFgyOEPN0JcD4XudRgro4PGFx3u4fe_V7UYtkSSGQ3Cc5BDM2JDSDxEp1xDYhGFAyUxs3/s640/United+States+Space+Force+%255BUSSF%252BUSSPACECOM%255D%255BSEAL%252BAFSB%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The United States Space Force (USSF) is the space operations service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services. The sixth and youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, it was the first branch of the military established since the formation of the independent U.S. Air Force in 1947. The antecedent of the Space Force, Air Force Space Command, a major command of the U.S. Air Force, was formed on 1 September 1982 with responsibility for space warfare operations. The National Defense Authorization Act for 2020 redesignated Air Force Space Command as the U.S. Space Force, and established it as an independent branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 20 December 2019.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The U.S. Space Force is organized as a military service branch within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments within the Department of Defense. The Space Force, through the Department of the Air Force, is headed by the Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation. In terms of personnel count, it is the smallest U.S. armed service within the U.S. Department of Defense.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The most senior Space Force officer is the Chief of Space Operations, unless a Space Force officer also serves as either the chairman or vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Chief of Space Operations exercises supervision over the Space Force's units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Certain Space Force components will be assigned, as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force, to unified combatant commands. Combatant commanders will be delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them, while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Space Operations will retain administrative authority over their members.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As always, the above artworks are available via my “Military Insignia” galleries from <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></i></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/captain7/shop?ref=account-nav-dropdown#profile" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></i></b></a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-52932012096895917482020-01-19T18:12:00.002-05:002020-01-19T18:26:45.994-05:00United States Space Command (USSPACECOM)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ZQA0ctdkCxIAaP6vlu7jHKV4EmXBQVM9BmFVfRGYfheGo5vADwE0rjwnmYrilzygLNMlVEcuPIaszi7G8YjxjI_U_5ENog2kXYxKAxQsvyEU4AVRiXGieaMkUFid1XGOCv2y42uSssJ0/s1600/United+States+Space+Command+%255BUSSPACECOM%255D%255BEMBLEM+2019%255D%255BSEAL%252BSpace+Operations+Badge%255D%255BOVER+WHITE+LEATHER%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ZQA0ctdkCxIAaP6vlu7jHKV4EmXBQVM9BmFVfRGYfheGo5vADwE0rjwnmYrilzygLNMlVEcuPIaszi7G8YjxjI_U_5ENog2kXYxKAxQsvyEU4AVRiXGieaMkUFid1XGOCv2y42uSssJ0/s1600/United+States+Space+Command+%255BUSSPACECOM%255D%255BEMBLEM+2019%255D%255BSEAL%252BSpace+Operations+Badge%255D%255BOVER+WHITE+LEATHER%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">United States Space Command (USSPACECOM) is a unified combatant command of the United States Department of Defense.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It was originally created in September 1985 to coordinate the use of outer space by the United States Armed Forces. The commander-in-chief of U.S. Space Command (CINCUSSPACECOM) also functioned as the commander-in-chief of the bi-national U.S.–Canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command (CINCNORAD), and for the majority of time during USSPACECOM's existence, was also the commander of Air Force Space Command.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The 2019 National Defense Authorization Act, which was signed into law in 2018, directed the reestablishment of U.S. Space Command as a sub-unified combatant command under U.S. Strategic Command. Instead, the Space Command was officially reestablished as a full unified combatant command on August 29, 2019. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">U.S. Space Command's mission is to "deter aggression and conflict, defend U.S. and allied freedom of action, deliver space combat power for the Joint/Combined force, and develop joint warfighters to advance U.S. and allied interests in, from, and through the space domain.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The United States Space Force (USSF) is the space operations service branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, and is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services. It is the sixth branch of the U.S. military, and the first new armed service since the establishment of the independent U.S. Air Force in 1947.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It is organized as a military service branch within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments within the Department of Defense. The Space Force, through the Department of the Air Force, is headed by the Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation. The most senior Space Force officer is the Chief of Space Operations, unless a Space Force officer also serves as either the chairman or vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Chief of Space Operations exercises supervision over the Space Force's units and serve as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Certain Space Force components will be assigned, as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force, to unified combatant commands. Combatant commanders will be delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them, while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Space Operations will retain administrative authority over their members.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">As always, artworks featuring the insignia are available via my <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/military+insignia+heraldry" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">“Military Insignia”</span></i></b></a> galleries from <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></i></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></i></b></a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-86988070243145962532019-10-24T15:58:00.001-04:002019-10-24T15:58:50.530-04:00U.S. Military Law Enforcement Badges - Part 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiyz2iOKmF85N7wi3FSeJKAHDzCPONsrjEzgnUa6VEME7OnE-jYjMWA9Twae_PIIYWhg1LCfCqybt-_F2uk2JkwzY62kDOyp3o_dU5BoujV21MWB7V6MoI9PdSamBxPQ15yJBU0lwxfYWt/s1600/U.S.+Military+Law+Enforcement+Badges+%255BBADGES%255D%255BSHIELDS%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="900" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiyz2iOKmF85N7wi3FSeJKAHDzCPONsrjEzgnUa6VEME7OnE-jYjMWA9Twae_PIIYWhg1LCfCqybt-_F2uk2JkwzY62kDOyp3o_dU5BoujV21MWB7V6MoI9PdSamBxPQ15yJBU0lwxfYWt/s640/U.S.+Military+Law+Enforcement+Badges+%255BBADGES%255D%255BSHIELDS%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Each branch of the Armed Forces of the United States maintains its own police force. The following is a list of military police forces:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Military Police Corps/Office of the Provost Marshal General—United States Army</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provost Marshal's Office (base law enforcement) and Law Enforcement Battalions (combat support or "field MPs") —United States Marine Corps</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Masters-at-Arms or MAs are enlisted Sailors of the U.S. Navy, designated as Naval Security Force (NSF), primarily responsible for law enforcement and force protection. NSF personnel are led by Naval commissioned officers from the Limited Duty Officer (LDO) and Chief Warrant Officer (CWO) communities, who are also designated as NSF. Additionally, a host installation's Security Force (both overseas and in the Continental United States) are augmented by Sailors on Temporary Assignment of Duty (TEMADD) from their parent units, as part of the Auxiliary Security Force (ASF). Shore Patrol personnel are Sailors from U.S. naval vessels visiting foreign ports (and some domestic ports) assigned to the Shore Patrol Party or Beach Guard, responsible for the good order and discipline of Sailors from the visiting ship(s) on liberty. Sailors assigned to the Shore Patrol Party or Beach Guard Detachment do not include Sailors assigned to the ship's Security Force, both performing different duties while visiting that country, because of the Status of Force Agreement (SOFA) and/or Rules of Engagement (ROE). Prior to the 1970s, Master-at-Arms and Shore Patrol were used synonymously to refer to Sailors assigned to perform law enforcement and Shore Patrol duties.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Air Force Security Forces (formerly known as Military Police, Air Police and Security Police)—United States Air Force</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Each service also maintains uniformed civilian police departments. They are referred to as Department of Defense Police (DoD Police). These police fall under each directorate they work for within the United States Department of Defense, for example: DoD Army or DoD Navy Police. The Department of the Air Force Police operate under the Air Provost Marshal. The police officers' duties are similar to those of local civilian police officers. They enforce the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), federal and state laws, and the regulations of their particular installation.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Felony level criminal investigations in the United States Armed Forces are carried out by separate agencies:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID)—Army (general felony crimes)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Army Counterintelligence (CI)—Army (national security crimes)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division (CID)—Marine Corps</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS)—Navy and Marine Corps</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Air Force Office of Special Investigations (OSI)—Air Force</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Coast Guard Investigative Service (CGIS)—Coast Guard</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS) is a civilian agency that answers directly to the DOD as well as the Pentagon Force Protection Agency (PFPA).</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">MP's in the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps, in addition to their roles as enforcers of law and order on military installations, fulfill a number of combat roles as well. Military Police in Afghanistan and Iraq have been widely employed for such duties as convoy security, mounted and dismounted patrols, maritime expeditionary warfare, Military Working Dog operations, security details for senior officers, and detainee handling. Army MPs, Navy MAs, Navy Sailors who possess the Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) Code 2008 and 9575, Navy Sailors who have completed the Individual Augmentee (IA) training for Detention Operations,and Air Force Security Forces have been widely used as prison guards in detainee facilities, whereas Marine Corps MPs focus on securing and processing detainees before passing them on to Army holding facilities.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As always, most of the above-mentioned artworks are available via my “Military Insignia” galleries from <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><i><b>FineArt America</b></i></span></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></i></b></a>. Also, don’t forget to navigate to <a href="http://www.norbay.com/" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">Special Operations Group</span></i></b></a> website and check out their extensive product selections featuring some of my art. Upon request, artwork in those galleries can be customized with ranks and, wherever appropriate - individual badge numbers. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-2855241944260579322019-10-19T21:37:00.000-04:002019-10-20T01:35:44.286-04:00CIA Special Activities Division: SAD, SAC & SOG<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt2BhO_44DPI_na3mKIzmNsvrbp3jFXZPk_gFhkKccdZBk_K4CQ-WWsru-QtDruvAJxsFRUIgqZ65bHnfWl0tgYR_Z5REH9dyL_Pl_g7dSNHxM7nheztEiHSsYESPhnhYs8uRMNi8MVQYh/s1600/Central+Intelligence+Agency+%255BCIA%252BSAC%252BSOG%255D%255BEMBLEM%252BLogo%252BCREST%252BSEAL%255D%255BGOLD+EDITION%255D%255B3D%255D%255B3.1%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt2BhO_44DPI_na3mKIzmNsvrbp3jFXZPk_gFhkKccdZBk_K4CQ-WWsru-QtDruvAJxsFRUIgqZ65bHnfWl0tgYR_Z5REH9dyL_Pl_g7dSNHxM7nheztEiHSsYESPhnhYs8uRMNi8MVQYh/s640/Central+Intelligence+Agency+%255BCIA%252BSAC%252BSOG%255D%255BEMBLEM%252BLogo%252BCREST%252BSEAL%255D%255BGOLD+EDITION%255D%255B3D%255D%255B3.1%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Special Activities Division (SAD) was the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) covert paramilitary operations unit. They were one of America's most secretive and lowest profile special ops organizations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Special Activities Division, sometimes referred to as the 'Special Operations Group', was made up of Paramilitary Operations Officers. CIA Paramilitaries are typically ex-military personnel and veterans of military special operations units such as the Green Berets or Marine Force Recon. SAD also recruited from within the Agency. Regardless of background, SAD operators underwent extensive specialized training.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Part of the CIA's National Cladestine Service, the Special Activities Division was thought to include around 150 paramilitaries, pilots and other specialists. When deployed to the field, they typically operated in 6 man or fewer teams, with many a mission carried out by a solo SAD operative. CIA Special Operations Group Paramilitaries often worked on joint operations alongside Delta, DevGru, Special Forces etc.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">SAD Ground Branch operatives were experts in field craft, surveillance, small arms, hostage rescue, CQB and advanced driving. Many former Army Special Forces soldiers and Delta Force operators find their way into Ground Branch.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">SAD Maritime Branch's focus was on amphibious operations and as such tends to recruit ex SEALs and Force Recon Marines as its operators.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Air Branch was the aviation wing of the CIA's Special Activities Division (SAD). Their role was to fly covert missions in support of CIA operations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In 2016 Special Activities Division was renamed to Special Activities Center (SAC). The Special Operations Group (SOG) is a department within SAC responsible for operations that include high-threat military or covert operations with which the U.S. government does not wish to be overtly associated. As such, unit members, called Paramilitary Operations Officers and Specialized Skills Officers, do not typically carry any objects or clothing, e.g., military uniforms, that would associate them with the United States government.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">For fine art pieces and other products featuring my law enforcement and government artwork, please visit my galleries at
<a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></b></a>. Also, don’t forget to navigate to <a href="http://www.norbay.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">SpecialOperations Group</span></b></a> website and check out their extensive product selections. Upon
request, artwork in those galleries can be customized with ranks and, wherever
appropriate - individual badge numbers. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-17669269676857437912019-04-04T16:04:00.000-04:002019-04-04T16:04:05.994-04:00United States Army Recruiting Command (USAREC)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEichqAg3tFODHARMtBjBNXisvdxUaLX3cYjUsaymanLZQ3WAdkBWic-nFsGJAUpUyYpGzjKNPNu8N2a4g5Kef9WQgWIMwWhL1nqIP3rBIacEqPY2Ju4TdCx5FaJowAlxHe9MnSghKIoVKjv/s1600/United+States+Army+Recruiting+Command+%255BUSAREC%255D%255BCREST%255D%255BDUI%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="1023" height="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEichqAg3tFODHARMtBjBNXisvdxUaLX3cYjUsaymanLZQ3WAdkBWic-nFsGJAUpUyYpGzjKNPNu8N2a4g5Kef9WQgWIMwWhL1nqIP3rBIacEqPY2Ju4TdCx5FaJowAlxHe9MnSghKIoVKjv/s640/United+States+Army+Recruiting+Command+%255BUSAREC%255D%255BCREST%255D%255BDUI%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The United States Army Recruiting Command (USAREC) mission is to recruit the enlisted, non-commissioned and officer candidates for service in the United States Army and Army Reserve. This process includes the recruiting, medical and psychological examination, induction, and administrative processing of potential service personnel.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Recruiting Command is a field operating agency administratively responsible to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel. The Command employs more than 7200 Active and Reserve Component recruiters at more than 1,600 recruiting centers across the United States and overseas. The Command is guided in its operations by the United States Mobilization Doctrine.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Command is commanded by a Major General, and assisted by a Deputy Commanding General (Brigadier General), with five recruitment brigades and a number of support brigades in the Command.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">U.S. Army recruiters generally are DA selected for three-year assignments. These "detailed" recruiters return to their primary military occupational specialty after obligation as recruiters. Center Leaders and reserve recruiters are all career recruiters who stay within USAREC for the duration of their careers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations. Please, contact for any other intended use.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As always, the artwork feturing the insignia can be found in my “Military Insignia” galleries at <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></i></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></i></b></a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-30768551859792940182019-04-03T19:48:00.003-04:002019-04-03T19:48:53.986-04:00United States Military Academy (USMA) West Point<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjaGUtQ0IOwql8nx9KeHtWbael6cG82QVj53QontZQsdJHJduMuBFCHi8C1ngZy1_kgX5SlBBuZMPZmYjPXjKaX3KBSbx_h0eysssfdh2Ry1rm9O_LmHEybC_ItVC_G5tFa6mhHTTY3prt/s1600/United+States+Military+Academy+%2528USMA%2529+West+Point+%255B3D%255D%255BCOA%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BDUI%252BSSI%252BPATCH%252BFLAG%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjaGUtQ0IOwql8nx9KeHtWbael6cG82QVj53QontZQsdJHJduMuBFCHi8C1ngZy1_kgX5SlBBuZMPZmYjPXjKaX3KBSbx_h0eysssfdh2Ry1rm9O_LmHEybC_ItVC_G5tFa6mhHTTY3prt/s640/United+States+Military+Academy+%2528USMA%2529+West+Point+%255B3D%255D%255BCOA%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BDUI%252BSSI%252BPATCH%252BFLAG%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" width="640" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known as West Point, Army, Army West Point, The Academy, or simply The Point, is a four-year federal service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a fort that sits on strategic high ground overlooking the Hudson River with a scenic view, 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City. It is one of the five U.S. service academies.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Academy traces its roots to 1801, when President Thomas Jefferson directed, shortly after his inauguration, that plans be set in motion to establish the United States Military Academy at West Point. The entire central campus is a national landmark and home to scores of historic sites, buildings, and monuments. The majority of the campus's Norman-style buildings are constructed from gray and black granite. The campus is a popular tourist destination, with a visitor center and the oldest museum in the United States Army.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Candidates for admission must both apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination, usually from a member of Congress or Delegate/Resident Commissioner in the case of Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands. Other nomination sources include the President and Vice President of the United States. Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as "cadets" or collectively as the "United States Corps of Cadets" (USCC). Tuition for cadets is fully funded by the Army in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. Approximately 1,300 cadets enter the Academy each July, with about 1,000 cadets graduating.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The academic program grants a bachelor of science degree with a curriculum that grades cadets' performance upon a broad academic program, military leadership performance, and mandatory participation in competitive athletics. Cadets are required to adhere to the Cadet Honor Code, which states that "a cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do." The academy bases a cadet's leadership experience as a development of all three pillars of performance: academics, physical, and military.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Most graduates are commissioned as second lieutenants in the Army. Foreign cadets are commissioned into the armies of their home countries. Since 1959, cadets have also been eligible for an interservice commission, a commission in one of the other armed services, provided they meet that service's eligibility standards. Most years, a very small number of cadets do this.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The academy's traditions have influenced other institutions because of its age and unique mission. It was the first American college to have an accredited civil-engineering program and the first to have class rings, and its technical curriculum was a model for later engineering schools. West Point's student body has a unique rank structure and lexicon. All cadets reside on campus and dine together en masse on weekdays for breakfast and lunch. The academy fields fifteen men's and nine women's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports teams. Cadets compete in one sport every fall, winter, and spring season at the intramural, club, or intercollegiate level. Its football team was a national power in the early and mid-20th century, winning three national championships. Its alumni and students are collectively referred to as "The Long Gray Line" and its ranks include two Presidents of the United States (as well as the President of the Confederate States of America), presidents of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and the Philippines, numerous famous generals, and seventy-six Medal of Honor recipients.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-20566463442742839572019-03-24T01:55:00.000-04:002019-03-24T16:10:23.818-04:00Heraldry of the Roman Empire - Legions of the Imperial Rome<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1jAwRIqmfotT1VvvJgjO0yM4XME2Sbo5UrQbRY4ISQ8dwwH-7YjSp43ztfAcZu_O1VX0h-dK922UErT0B4ZOqSTsJ3D1jvwYLWyfntupJADISdLq1ovfFNVFqIT1dDFVtyf7umhbKI8c_/s1600/_Vexillum+BANNER+%255B4.0%255D%255B3X1%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="264" data-original-width="750" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1jAwRIqmfotT1VvvJgjO0yM4XME2Sbo5UrQbRY4ISQ8dwwH-7YjSp43ztfAcZu_O1VX0h-dK922UErT0B4ZOqSTsJ3D1jvwYLWyfntupJADISdLq1ovfFNVFqIT1dDFVtyf7umhbKI8c_/s640/_Vexillum+BANNER+%255B4.0%255D%255B3X1%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I always have been captivated by history of the ancient Rome, especially by its military history and heraldry. Since this blog was originally dedicated to military insignia, I believe it would be appropriate to feature my Roman Legions collection here. The focus was predominantly on military heraldry of the historically-confirmed legions existed through the late Roman Republic (100 BC – 40 BC) and the Imperial Rome (20 AD - 360 AD), slightly overlapping with the Late Roman Empire. Admittedly, in many cases Roman legions' symbols remain to be up for debate. However, many of them can be identified with high level of confidence. Without further ado, here is what I was able to dig up with as a result of extensive factual and visual research...</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-3OI2ASWvWKUjKAjLwGi3I_R566CdBYGd-5m-4PwO5r6hyphenhyphen6JaPR5JrNl0JML68mRY8BXI7wgd-_M9nlnk3MDODVOtrGTevo5BI44bqz1Ew1SEaN0-9xIWByvKr9lYpgMVeSDXkc6xkhCb/s1600/STANDARDS+%255BVEXILLA+VEXILLUM+VEXILLOIDS+SIGNUM%255D+OF+ALL+KNOWN+IMPERIAL+ROMAN+LEGIONS+-+THE+BIG+PICTURE+-+ALL+49+%255B6x6%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-3OI2ASWvWKUjKAjLwGi3I_R566CdBYGd-5m-4PwO5r6hyphenhyphen6JaPR5JrNl0JML68mRY8BXI7wgd-_M9nlnk3MDODVOtrGTevo5BI44bqz1Ew1SEaN0-9xIWByvKr9lYpgMVeSDXkc6xkhCb/s640/STANDARDS+%255BVEXILLA+VEXILLUM+VEXILLOIDS+SIGNUM%255D+OF+ALL+KNOWN+IMPERIAL+ROMAN+LEGIONS+-+THE+BIG+PICTURE+-+ALL+49+%255B6x6%255D.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Let’s begin with a brief historical reference. A Roman legion (from Latin legio "military levy, conscription", from legere "to choose") was a large unit of the Roman army. In the early Roman Kingdom "legion" may have meant the entire Roman army but sources on this period are few and unreliable. The subsequent organization of legions varied greatly over time but legions were typically composed of around five thousand soldiers. During much of the republican era, a legion was divided into three lines of ten maniples. In the late republic and much of the imperial period (from about 100 BC), a legion was divided into ten cohorts, each of six (or five) centuries. Legions also included a small ala, or cavalry, unit. By the third century AD, the legion was a much smaller unit of about 1,000 to 1,500 men, and there were more of them. In the fourth century AD, East Roman border guard legions (limitanei) may have become even smaller. In terms of organization and function, the republican era legion may have been influenced by the ancient Greek and Macedonian phalanx. For most of the Roman Imperial period, the legions formed the Roman army's elite heavy infantry, recruited exclusively from Roman citizens, while the remainder of the army consisted of auxiliaries, who provided additional infantry and the vast majority of the Roman army's cavalry. (Provincials who aspired to citizenship gained it when honorably discharged from the auxiliaries.) The Roman army, for most of the Imperial period, consisted mostly of auxiliaries rather than legions. For most of the Roman Imperial period, the legions formed the Roman army's elite heavy infantry, recruited exclusively from Roman citizens, while the remainder of the army consisted of auxiliaries, who provided additional infantry and the vast majority of the Roman army's cavalry. (Provincials who aspired to citizenship gained it when honorably discharged from the auxiliaries.) The Roman army, for most of the Imperial period, consisted mostly of auxiliaries rather than legions.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Because legions were not permanent units until the Marian reforms (c. 107 BC), and were instead created, used, and disbanded again, several hundred legions were named and numbered throughout Roman history. To date, about 50 have been identified. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">From 104 BC onwards, each legion used an aquila (eagle) as its standard symbol. The symbol was carried by an officer known as aquilifer, and its loss was considered to be a very serious embarrassment, and often led to the disbanding of the legion itself. Normally, this was because any legion incapable of regaining its eagle in battle was so severely mauled that it was no longer effective in combat.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">With the birth of the Roman Empire, the legions created a bond with their leader, the emperor himself. Each legion had another officer, called imaginifer, whose role was to carry a pike with the imago (image, sculpture) of the emperor as pontifex maximus.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> Each legion, furthermore, had a vexillifer who carried a vexillum or signum, with the legion name and emblem depicted on it, unique to the legion. It was common for a legion to detach some sub-units from the main camp to strengthen other corps. In these cases, the detached subunits carried only the vexillum, and not the aquila, and were called, therefore, vexillationes. A miniature vexillum, mounted on a silver base, was sometimes awarded to officers as recognition of their service upon retirement or reassignment.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;">Praetorian Guard - Cohortes Praetoriana</span></span><span style="color: #990000; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">e</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFAor7o_DKCiYAmgbJN9OGLwZmFIWcPcFKp2Cd_tlYYlBNBUQuTuL5QPJVauI8xH4UZqEaq8MGRMIDNJyBj0wqZhEHZGF2M7U0_8e7qH1RyVsYTW9RLFcPdPegxiSt_v6fkBq_5XjwmcHl/s1600/Vexillum+of+Praetorian+Guard+Standard+-+Vexillum+of+Cohortes+Praetorianae+%255B3D%255D%255B1.2%255D+%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFAor7o_DKCiYAmgbJN9OGLwZmFIWcPcFKp2Cd_tlYYlBNBUQuTuL5QPJVauI8xH4UZqEaq8MGRMIDNJyBj0wqZhEHZGF2M7U0_8e7qH1RyVsYTW9RLFcPdPegxiSt_v6fkBq_5XjwmcHl/s1600/Vexillum+of+Praetorian+Guard+Standard+-+Vexillum+of+Cohortes+Praetorianae+%255B3D%255D%255B1.2%255D+%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Although not exactly a Legion, The Praetorian Guard (Latin: cohortes praetorianae) was an elite unit of the Imperial Roman army whose members served as personal bodyguards to the Roman emperors. During the era of the Roman Republic, the Praetorians served as a small escort force for high-ranking officials such as senators or provincial governors like procurators, and also serving as bodyguards for high ranking officers within the Roman legions. With the republic's transition into the Roman Empire, however, the first emperor, Augustus, founded the Guard as his personal security detail. Although they continued to serve in this capacity for roughly three centuries, the Guard became notable for its intrigue and interference in Roman politics, to the point of overthrowing emperors and proclaiming their successors. In 312, the Guard was disbanded by Constantine the Great.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #990000;">Legio I Adiutrix - The Rescuer First Legion</span></b></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPjBK_kTNEbsPOgENN_Wxb7gcVGC5_SDMSCYZMh7dGo1OyecmKnGs3UtHXr_Zl9hSqVFj9kCX-yrIV916UeLODVEkslZCt52pRjHCBgAR0EyIfLNzrN1ogZoG0BGX3aM5a1uRa2xBn1XSF/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+I+Adiutrix+-+Rescuer+First+Legion+-+Legio+Prima+Adiutrix+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPjBK_kTNEbsPOgENN_Wxb7gcVGC5_SDMSCYZMh7dGo1OyecmKnGs3UtHXr_Zl9hSqVFj9kCX-yrIV916UeLODVEkslZCt52pRjHCBgAR0EyIfLNzrN1ogZoG0BGX3aM5a1uRa2xBn1XSF/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+I+Adiutrix+-+Rescuer+First+Legion+-+Legio+Prima+Adiutrix+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio Prima Adiutrix ("Rescuer First Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 68, possibly by Galba when he rebelled against emperor Nero (r. 54-68). The last record mentioning the Adiutrix is in 344, when it was stationed at Brigetio (modern Szőny), in the Roman province of Pannonia. The emblem of the legion was a capricorn, used along with the winged horse Pegasus; on the helmets the symbol used by I Adiutrix legionaries was a dolphin.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion probably originated from the I Classica, a legion levied by Nero among the marines of the Classis Misenensis, but was later completed by Galba. The legion was stationed near Rome. In the confusing Year of the Four Emperors, the legion fought in Otho's army in the Battle of Bedriacum, where this emperor was defeated by Vitellius The victorious Vitellius ordered the legion transferred to Spain,[3] but by the year 70 it was fighting in the Batavian rebellion. The city of Moguntiacum (Mainz) is the legion's first known base camp, shared with Legio XIV Gemina, where they attended mainly building activities. In 83, they fought the Germanic wars against the Chatti, a German tribe living across the Rhine, under the command of Emperor Domitian. After that they were transferred to the Danubian army stationed in the Roman province of Pannonia, to fight the Dacians. Following the murder of Domitian in 96, the Adiutrix, along with the Danubian army, played an important role in Roman politics, forcing Nerva to adopt Trajan as his successor. When Trajan became emperor, he gave the legion the cognomen Pia Fidelis ("loyal and faithful") to acknowledge their support.[4] Between 101 and 106, under the new emperor's command, I Adiutrix, along with IV Flavia Felix and XIII Gemina, conquered Dacia and occupied the newly formed province. Trajan also used his Pia Fidelis in the campaign against Parthia (115–117), but they were sent back to Pannonia by his successor emperor Hadrian, with base in Brigetio.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">During the next decades, I Adiutrix remained in the Danube frontier. Under Marcus Aurelius, I Adiutrix fought the war against Marcomanni commanded by Marcus Valerius Maximianus. Between 171 and 175, the commander was Pertinax, emperor for a brief period in 193. When Septimius Severus became emperor, I Adiutrix was among his supporters, following him in the march for Rome.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In the next decades, the main base was again Pannonia, but they played a part in several Parthian wars, namely the campaigns of 195 and 197–198 of Septimius Severus, 215–217 led by Caracalla and 244 by Gordian III. It (probably vexilationes of it) took part in the battle of Mediolanum. The legion received the cognomen Pia Fidelis Bis ("twice loyal and faithful") and Constans ("reliable"), sometime in the 3rd century.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #990000;">Legio I Germanica - 1st Germanic Legio</span><span style="color: #cc0000;">n</span></b></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT-kolRl9q8LomJ4nUhZdEdwF49SFdhCzfVoD0WgsH3QT1HutS4wdwxJ_8ommjz7030FpqTom1zsPMe21ITacO7AbjrVxccnz7ojGGuNj1089QUlGNszQEF6lxtyzw_QYzw1OOwwFMO9N1/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+I+Germanica+-+1st+Germanic+Legion+-+Legio+primo+Germanica+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT-kolRl9q8LomJ4nUhZdEdwF49SFdhCzfVoD0WgsH3QT1HutS4wdwxJ_8ommjz7030FpqTom1zsPMe21ITacO7AbjrVxccnz7ojGGuNj1089QUlGNszQEF6lxtyzw_QYzw1OOwwFMO9N1/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+I+Germanica+-+1st+Germanic+Legion+-+Legio+primo+Germanica+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio I Germanica, the 1st Germanic Legion, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army, possibly founded in 48 BC by Gaius Julius Caesar to fight for him in the civil war against Pompey. The title ‘Germanic’ is a reference to its service in Germany, rather than the place of origin of its soldiers. After the Revolt of the Batavi (AD 70), the remaining men of the Germanica were added to Galba's seventh legion, which became VII Gemina. The emblem of Legio I is unknown, but it was probably Taurus, like all the other legions levied by Caesar (except the V Alaudae).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">There are two theories about I Germanica recruitment. The most favored is that it was raised by Julius Caesar in 48 BC to fight in the civil war against Pompey. In that case it would have fought in the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">A second theory attributes its recruitment to Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus, a partisan of Caesar, who died in the Battle of Forum Gallorum against Mark Antony in 43 BC. Legio I would have been recruited in that year for that campaign.[citation needed]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">However recruited, Legio I was inherited by Augustus and therefore ought to have been entitled to the cognomen Augusta after distinguished service under his eyes; however, there was no Legio I Augusta. That title was stripped after a defeat in the Cantabrian wars and the loss of its standard to the Astur and Cantabrian peoples.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #990000;">Legio I Italica - Italian First Legion</span></b></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsWmduB8FGXOZ8aRoQA6kx5Ju00Ijd10msN91RvK9ai12we-Lw6t1PupzR81UbpjvdRcei2mwS6TNWBrBcf9jciT3CIGst-uN6FkDUE1X9rPM3ysZhVaaxoalu6iDROiBcz13ZDahdituj/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+I+Italica++-+Vexilloid+of+Italian+First+Legion+-+Legio+prima+Italica++%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsWmduB8FGXOZ8aRoQA6kx5Ju00Ijd10msN91RvK9ai12we-Lw6t1PupzR81UbpjvdRcei2mwS6TNWBrBcf9jciT3CIGst-uN6FkDUE1X9rPM3ysZhVaaxoalu6iDROiBcz13ZDahdituj/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+I+Italica++-+Vexilloid+of+Italian+First+Legion+-+Legio+prima+Italica++%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio prima Italica ("Italian First Legion"): the epithet Italica is a reference to the Italian origin of its first recruits) was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded by emperor Nero on September 22, 66 (the date is attested by an inscription). There are still records of the I Italica on the Danube border at the beginning of the 5th century. The emblem of the legion was a boar.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio I Minervia - Minerva's First Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRPZNLHmQIGcaugOyA7AJdBR-vBGb45ZQ4iIZylN4km4i11iI3T6AlMVacOnQja4ea-VBRt2y0esZDmX2ChSbtFWJUrimeafTuKu6l1wOoZg5hST6PdcmNVZV2lXtwADAFupuK35qjDpTf/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+I+Minervia+-++Minerva%2527s+First+Legion+-+Vexilloid+of+Legio+prima++Minervia+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRPZNLHmQIGcaugOyA7AJdBR-vBGb45ZQ4iIZylN4km4i11iI3T6AlMVacOnQja4ea-VBRt2y0esZDmX2ChSbtFWJUrimeafTuKu6l1wOoZg5hST6PdcmNVZV2lXtwADAFupuK35qjDpTf/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+I+Minervia+-++Minerva%2527s+First+Legion+-+Vexilloid+of+Legio+prima++Minervia+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio I Minervia ("Minerva's First Legion", i.e., "devoted to the goddess Minerva") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 82 by emperor Domitian (r. 81–96), for his campaign against the Germanic tribe of the Chatti. Its cognomen refers to the goddess Minerva, the legion's protector. There are still records of the I Minervia in the Rhine border region in the middle of the 4th century. The legion's emblem is an image of goddess Minerva.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio I Minervia camp was in the city of Bonna (modern Bonn), in the province of Germania Inferior. In 89, they suppressed a revolt of the governor of Germania Superior. Due to this, Domitian gave them the cognomen Pia Fidelis Domitiana (loyal and faithful to Domitian) to acknowledge their support.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The Legio I Parthica - 1st Parthian-conquering Legio</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">n</span></span></b></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE2LPsm187PgjkGOsj4miuTYoCZIGlCw1IqS1jjMNHcQVYZkIc8DcUF8gYmof1Z_YSRpTPsVbRFw-eQtoZq6JV3N9VuK-DGnPgGB-1lerCobCKdum98iU_O4vYIy8BNM3ycFNs2vlJRrlB/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+I+Parthica+-+1st+Parthian+Legion+-+Legio+prima+Parthica++%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE2LPsm187PgjkGOsj4miuTYoCZIGlCw1IqS1jjMNHcQVYZkIc8DcUF8gYmof1Z_YSRpTPsVbRFw-eQtoZq6JV3N9VuK-DGnPgGB-1lerCobCKdum98iU_O4vYIy8BNM3ycFNs2vlJRrlB/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+I+Parthica+-+1st+Parthian+Legion+-+Legio+prima+Parthica++%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio prima Parthica (Latin for "1st Parthian-conquering Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 197 by the emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193-211) for his forthcoming war against Parthia. The legion's presence in the Middle East is recorded until the early 5th century.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legions I, II, and III Parthica were levied by Septimius Severus for his campaign against the Parthian Empire. After the success of this campaign, I and III Parthica remained in the region, in the camp of Singara (Sinjar, Iraq), in Mesopotamia, to prevent subsequent rebellions and to guard the eastern provinces from attacks from the Parthian Empire.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legionaries from I Parthica were usually sent to other provinces, namely Lycia, Cilicia and Cyrenaica.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In 360, I Parthica unsuccessfully defended its camp against a Sasanid attack; after the defeat, the legion was moved to Nisibis (modern Turkey), where it remained until the city was surrendered by emperor Jovian to the Sassanid Persians in 363. After that, the legion was moved to Constantina, where it is last mentioned in the 5th century.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion emblem was the centaur.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><b>L<span style="color: #990000;">egio II Adiutrix - Rescuer Second Legion</span></b></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0TyEpVhNlcCVyYCEabbsU-shUBknlOr2Anyh3gVVoNmATc4ZB3wK2aIUk34MTepwgkg22mm9VnBh2EobCC2V-PZPCbyXtjx8N0Tqw9490Tc62USZFG9Fyma8nXmghmdOWBoA7i2RZlBmG/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+II+Adiutrix+-+Standard+of+Rescuer+Second+Legion+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0TyEpVhNlcCVyYCEabbsU-shUBknlOr2Anyh3gVVoNmATc4ZB3wK2aIUk34MTepwgkg22mm9VnBh2EobCC2V-PZPCbyXtjx8N0Tqw9490Tc62USZFG9Fyma8nXmghmdOWBoA7i2RZlBmG/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+II+Adiutrix+-+Standard+of+Rescuer+Second+Legion+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio secunda adiutrix ("Rescuer Second Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 70 by the emperor Vespasian (r. 69-79), originally composed of Roman navy marines of the classis Ravennatis. There are still records of II Adiutrix in the Rhine border in the beginning of the 4th century. The legion's symbols were a Capricorn and Pegasus.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion saw its first action in the summer of 70, when we find it fighting under Quintus Petillius Cerialis, who was sent out to suppress the Batavian revolt. Together with VI Victrix, XIV Gemina, and XXI Rapax, it defeated the rebel leader Julius Civilis near Xanten. During the winter, the second legion stayed at the Batavian capital Nijmegen. Next year, it was replaced by X Gemina.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Together with general Cerialis, II Adiutrix went to Britain, where it had to reduce the rebellion of the Brigantes under Venutius. Inscriptions prove that the legion was stationed at Deva (Chester) and Lindum (Lincoln), but we can not establish which town served as the unit's first and second base, although it is usually assumed that the legion's oldest home was Lincoln.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><b>L<span style="color: #990000;">egio II Augusta - Augustus' Second Legion</span></b></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxf7X8z3hHfxZAUkpTA-WUsVghW1OvNtrJztZXMt63Niw3PR0W99DibWV1kUvUFgM89U2GQQRqTbtvFxgvTG3A75MsYTejXjc4f3TTCthv15QbL-JSNuKkfQ1Y2pGljbWGtvcKPwEDzA30/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+II+Augusta+-+-+Augustus%2527+Second+Legion-+Legio+secunda+Augusta%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxf7X8z3hHfxZAUkpTA-WUsVghW1OvNtrJztZXMt63Niw3PR0W99DibWV1kUvUFgM89U2GQQRqTbtvFxgvTG3A75MsYTejXjc4f3TTCthv15QbL-JSNuKkfQ1Y2pGljbWGtvcKPwEDzA30/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+II+Augusta+-+-+Augustus%2527+Second+Legion-+Legio+secunda+Augusta%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio secunda Augusta ("Augustus' Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army that was founded during the late Roman republic. Its emblems were the Capricornus, Pegasus, Mars.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Legio II, Sabina was a Roman military unit of the late Republican era, which may have been formed by Julius Caesar in the year of the consulate of 48 BC and coincide, in this case, with the Legio II. Enlisted to fight against Pompey, they took part in the subsequent Battle of Munda of 45 BC.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Alternatively it could be the Legio II, formed by the consul, Gaio Vibio Pansa in 43 BC and recruited in Sabina, hence its nickname. It might have participated in the subsequent battle of Philippi of 42 BC on the side of the triumvirate, Octavian and Marc Antony.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After the defeat of the Republicans, Legio II swore allegiance to Octavian and with the same remained until the battle of Actium of 31 BC, after which it seems to have been dissolved in the years between 30 and 14 BC (sent on leave were between 105,000 and 120,000 veterans and some of its soldiers may have been integrated into the new Legio II Augusta.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">At the beginning of Augustus' rule, in 25 BC, this legion was relocated in Hispania, to fight in the Cantabrian Wars, which definitively established Roman power in Hispania, and later camped in Hispania Tarraconensis. With the annihilation of Legio XVII, XVIII and XIX in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9), II Augusta moved to Germania, possibly in the area of Moguntiacum. After 17, it was at Argentoratum (modern Strasbourg).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion participated in the Roman conquest of Britain in 43. Future emperor Vespasian was the legion's commander at the time, and led the campaign against the Durotriges and Dumnonii tribes. Although it was recorded as suffering a defeat at the hands of the Silures in 52, the II Augusta proved to be one of the best legions, even after its disgrace during the uprising of queen Boudica, when its praefectus castrorum, who was then its acting commander (its legatus and tribunes probably being absent with the governor Suetonius Paulinus), contravened Suetonius' orders to join him and so later committed suicide.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After the defeat of Boudica, the legion was dispersed over several bases; from 66 to around 74 it was stationed at Glevum (modern Gloucester), and then moved to Isca Augusta (modern Caerleon), building a stone fortress that the soldiers occupied until the end of the 3rd century. The legion also had connections with the camp at Alchester in Oxfordshire; stamped tiles record it in the 2nd century at Abonae (Sea Mills, Bristol) on the tidal shore of the Avon.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #990000;">Legio II Italica - Italian Second Legion</span></b></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCM1m3JdSSdwdkk3pWrpnmJk4dh_GQRE54jqNc3QCkPfWDWp9X7WmfjRTODZFfKykHpvjSXivNGCLbWQtnGqem6uhYaL7I2bsEgfJNYKWUpsV5mujjlAATgvDS3Lp3JEFWQZts4XIbziY_/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+II+Italica+-+Italian+Second+Legion+-+Legio+secunda+Italica+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCM1m3JdSSdwdkk3pWrpnmJk4dh_GQRE54jqNc3QCkPfWDWp9X7WmfjRTODZFfKykHpvjSXivNGCLbWQtnGqem6uhYaL7I2bsEgfJNYKWUpsV5mujjlAATgvDS3Lp3JEFWQZts4XIbziY_/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+II+Italica+-+Italian+Second+Legion+-+Legio+secunda+Italica+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio secunda Italica ("Italian Second Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. The legion was founded in AD 165 by emperor Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-80) alongside III Italica at a time when the Roman Empire was fighting both in Germania and in Parthia. The legion main theatre of operations was the Roman province of Noricum, in the south margin of the Danube, where Germanic incursions were frequent. In 180 II Italica was stationed in Lauriacum, modern Lorch. In the 3rd century, support of the legions was a crucial demand for candidates to the throne. Well aware of this fact, Gallienus granted II Italica the cognomina VII Pia VII Fidelis (seven times faithful, seven times loyal) to secure their continuing support. There are still records of the II Italica in Noricum in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol is a she-wolf and the twins Romulus and Remus, and is a reference to the rule of Marcus Aurelius and his colleague Lucius Verus.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><b>L</b></span><span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;"><b>egio II Parthica - Parthian-conquering Second Legion</b></span></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf1REZ3pAJXCH1tdhs_qIpyS3TQdEpHtY9CtElUnKpBovexgVrtCj5cgJzraEseaQ6eiXdD-29rKR61MNmau5Zv6HPs10zrjYSulNmvdPyEdEaz8VNKfUn8Vsl1YBawNZj1H5zvAhZk9X8/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+II+Parthica+-+Parthian-conquering+Second+Legion+-+Legio+secunda+Parthica+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf1REZ3pAJXCH1tdhs_qIpyS3TQdEpHtY9CtElUnKpBovexgVrtCj5cgJzraEseaQ6eiXdD-29rKR61MNmau5Zv6HPs10zrjYSulNmvdPyEdEaz8VNKfUn8Vsl1YBawNZj1H5zvAhZk9X8/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+II+Parthica+-+Parthian-conquering+Second+Legion+-+Legio+secunda+Parthica+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio secunda Parthica ("Parthian-conquering Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 197 by the emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193-211), for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. The legion was still active in the beginning of the 5th century. Together with its twin legions I Parthica and III Parthica, the Second Parthian legion was levied for the attack on the eastern frontier. The campaign was a success and Ctesiphon, the Parthian capital was taken and sacked. The legion's symbol were a bull and centaur.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #990000;">Legio II Traiana Fortis - Trajan's Second Legio</span><span style="color: #990000;">n</span></b></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLuySU4wHt39BH3DVPznB0BnHlP_WmM9gXCvCLd6USE6-Lx2ZexHNMJgiUw7oK6Y_Af4ApF96HsY_RXQ95pjTx4SdSJha8F_tBImpQgBHyTpxxuCIfm9wImR1IOLdAg9psdpBFGWhHmxtV/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+II+Traiana+Fortis+-+Trajan%2527s+Second+Legio+-+Legio+secunda+Traiana+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLuySU4wHt39BH3DVPznB0BnHlP_WmM9gXCvCLd6USE6-Lx2ZexHNMJgiUw7oK6Y_Af4ApF96HsY_RXQ95pjTx4SdSJha8F_tBImpQgBHyTpxxuCIfm9wImR1IOLdAg9psdpBFGWhHmxtV/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+II+Traiana+Fortis+-+Trajan%2527s+Second+Legio+-+Legio+secunda+Traiana+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio secunda Traiana, (Latin for "Trajan's Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded by emperor Trajan in 105, along with XXX Ulpia Victrix, for the campaigns in Dacia. There are still records of the II Traiana Fortis in Egypt in the middle of the 5th century. The legion's emblem was the demi-god Hercules. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In 115, II Traiana Fortis was incorporated in the large army used for Trajan's Parthian Campaign. In 117, the legion was allocated in Judaea, to ensure peace after the rebellion that was just ending. In 125, they were sent to Aegyptus for the first time, to share camp in Nicopolis (next to Alexandria, Aegyptus), together with XXII Deiotariana. Between 132-136 they were again in Iudaea to deal with another revolt. The legion was in its base in Nicopolis when a revolt against Roman rule started in south Egypt. The Bucoli rebels besieged Alexandria for months. Plague and famine recked the city. But the defenders remained calm.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Rescue for the Traiana and the XXII Deiotariana was when Avidius Cassius came with the legions of Syria in 172. The legion was awarded the "Fortis" ("valiant") title for the valiant defense of "Rome's Bread Basket". Cassius was ruler of the east for a time, while Marcus Aurelius was busy in his Marcomannic Wars.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">When Cassius got the blessing of Aurelius' wife, Cassius declared himself emperor, thinking his emperor dead, but he was still breathing, the legion learned the legions of the Danube were being led by none other than Aurelius himself to fight the rebels. The legion, with the others, cut off Cassius' head, and sent it to Aurelius, who let the legions be, just sending them back to their proper posts to watch the Parthian Empire. The history of II Traiana Fortis gives an example of the political role of the legions. In 194, Pescennius Niger, governor of the province of Syria, rebelled with the support of, among others, II Traiana Fortis. His rival was Septimius Severus who would become emperor. In the days before the final battle, the legion changed sides and vowed fidelity to Severus. This would prove to be decisive for Pescennius' defeat. In the beginnings of the 3rd century, the legion is involved in Caracalla's campaign against Germanic tribes and receives the cognomen Germanica. According to Notitia Dignitatum (a c. 400 document), in early 5th century II Traiana Fortis was moved to Apollonopolis Magna, in southern part of Aegyptus, and later it served, at least with some vexillationes, under the Comes limitis Aegypti.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #990000;">Legio III Augusta - Augustus' Third Legion</span></b></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf-c_Ph_56YmkB28z6T8MkN6ertLw7GMYSlWl5DusNCBbpw76gBcywRCKtxtDALhpBcSP7PuKQIz0KFFHkGGGyWui46LjWPQw57tR66n75mPOJdvjY8_5eJN5byVVLM_35cgy0TmW7y_5d/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+III+Augusta+-+Third+Augustan+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+Augusta+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf-c_Ph_56YmkB28z6T8MkN6ertLw7GMYSlWl5DusNCBbpw76gBcywRCKtxtDALhpBcSP7PuKQIz0KFFHkGGGyWui46LjWPQw57tR66n75mPOJdvjY8_5eJN5byVVLM_35cgy0TmW7y_5d/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+III+Augusta+-+Third+Augustan+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+Augusta+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio tertia Augusta ("Augustus' Third Legion ") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. Its origin may have been the Republican 3rd Legion which served the general Pompey during his civil war against Gaius Julius Caesar (49–45 BC). It supported the general Octavian (later emperor Augustus) in his civil war against Mark Antony (31–30 BC). It was officially re-founded in 30 BC, when Octavian achieved sole mastery of the Roman empire. In that year, it was deployed in the Roman province of Africa, where it remained until at least the late 4th century AD.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio III Cyrenaica - Cyrenean Third Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG4cxZPB1oWK3LIPfzVs8A8hMFcXGOfIrHR1dh5onuaazXGXH0C06xkuLI_E8_IgSKG4PxkQ5SG0launVMTsmdb2ZY2X8gbF3TEgLnRg2vM-dVCjGwHAtBnl7FIeh8zUNdkGbgiPz6s_YL/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+III+Cyrenaica++-+Cyrenean+Third+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+Cyrenaica+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG4cxZPB1oWK3LIPfzVs8A8hMFcXGOfIrHR1dh5onuaazXGXH0C06xkuLI_E8_IgSKG4PxkQ5SG0launVMTsmdb2ZY2X8gbF3TEgLnRg2vM-dVCjGwHAtBnl7FIeh8zUNdkGbgiPz6s_YL/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+III+Cyrenaica++-+Cyrenean+Third+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+Cyrenaica+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio tertia Cyrenaica ("Cyrenean Third Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. The origins of the legion remain unknown. One source believes the legion was probably founded by Mark Antony around 36 BC, when he was governor of Cyrenaica. Equally, the legion's origins may come from the fact it was commanded by Lucius Pinaris Scarpus, an ally of Mark Antony whom Antony appointed to be governor of Cyrenaica in eastern Libya. There are still records of the legion in Syria in the beginning of the 5th century. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legion III is believed to have formed around 35 BCE, authorized by either Marcus Antonius or Lepedius, provincial governor of Cyrenaica (what is now Libya) in North Africa. Around the 2nd Great Civil War between Antonius and Octavian (later Augustus), the Legion was brought into Egypt (Aegytpus), and allegedly defected to the forces of Octavian during the battle of Actium. The Legion stayed and was garrisoned in Egypt until the early 100's AD/CE when it was then moved out to establish the new province of Nova Trajana in Bostra (now Bosra, Syria), where it remained until records and accords stopped or lost around the 5th or 6th century AD/CE. This makes Legion III one of the longest-lived Legions in Roman history, and one of the only Legions to retain the designation of "Legion" well after the period when the army was re-organized in the 4th century AD/CE.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">While in Egypt, the Legion shared a Double Fortress with XXII Deiotariana, located in Nikopolis just outside of Alexandria, where it is believed the Legions acted as a "Police and Riot" force, but also helped protect the borders from other African neighbors, fighting for control of the Nile river; Legion III also had stations along the Nile up to Thebes and shipping ports on the Red Sea coast.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio III Gallica - Gallic Third Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Avt67S4XO6aupu5jLs3ubjHm8VWqcaCrT0hi9wisQFjDX5-XL8Mxr8jggRF5xEyyHHo7BKOJsUj4P45bsSdFcZl2ADAY7uiyMGMyJ-RJ4picTFr-1ty0k_1f7tj6VZIu91KWMT9EPYKI/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+III+Gallica+-+Gallic+Third+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+Gallica+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Avt67S4XO6aupu5jLs3ubjHm8VWqcaCrT0hi9wisQFjDX5-XL8Mxr8jggRF5xEyyHHo7BKOJsUj4P45bsSdFcZl2ADAY7uiyMGMyJ-RJ4picTFr-1ty0k_1f7tj6VZIu91KWMT9EPYKI/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+III+Gallica+-+Gallic+Third+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+Gallica+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio tertia Gallica ("Gallic Third Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded around 49 BC by Gaius Julius Caesar for his civil war against The Republicans led by Pompey. The cognomen Gallica suggests that recruits were originally from Gaul. The legion was still active in Egypt in the early 4th century. The legion's symbol was a bull (or a pair of bulls).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion took part in all Julius Caesar's campaigns against his enemies, including the battles of Pharsalus and Munda. Following Caesar's death, III Gallica was integrated in the army of Mark Antony, a member of the Second Triumvirate, for his campaigns against the Parthians. They were included in the army levied by Fulvia and Lucius Antonius (Antony's wife and brother) to oppose Octavian, but ended by surrendering in Perugia, in the winter of 41 BC. After the battle of Actium and Antony's suicide during Antony's Civil War, the III Gallica was sent again to the East, where they garrisoned the province of Syria.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">III Gallica was used in Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo's campaign against the Parthians over the control of Armenia (58–63). Corbulo's successes triggered the emperor Nero's paranoia of persecution and eventually the general was forced to commit suicide. After this, III Gallica was transferred to the province of Moesia on the Danube.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio III Italica - Italian Third Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7ebkR-zJkU9NuxdOBOFtcxsSHZvt94e_VwoHrMb9B5_duKg1WUwxOadYhrpm81MixDFnSYAaKhzto0cxSPA8NWZ5-KWesmea47zrFZzGCDNHsDFT-wPwpSbXKSS3fkm-13jI30AdMIIEs/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+III+Italica+-+Vexilloid+of+Italian+Third+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+Italica+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7ebkR-zJkU9NuxdOBOFtcxsSHZvt94e_VwoHrMb9B5_duKg1WUwxOadYhrpm81MixDFnSYAaKhzto0cxSPA8NWZ5-KWesmea47zrFZzGCDNHsDFT-wPwpSbXKSS3fkm-13jI30AdMIIEs/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+III+Italica+-+Vexilloid+of+Italian+Third+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+Italica+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio tertia Italica ("Italian Third Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 165 by the emperor Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-80), for his campaign against the Marcomanni tribe. The cognomen Italica suggests that the legion's original recruits were mainly drawn from Italy. The legion was still active in Raetia and other provinces in the early 5th century (Notitia Dignitatum, dated ca. 420 AD for Western Roman Empire entries).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Together with legions II Italica and I Adiutrix, III Italica legion was in the Danube provinces from its beginning, fighting the Marcomanni invasion of the Raetia and Noricum provinces. In 171 they built the camp Castra Regina, present Regensburg, designed as strongly defensive position.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In the civil war of 193, this legion supported Septimius Severus and helped him defeat his opponents: first Didius Julianus, then Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus. Their loyalty was extended to Severus' successor, emperor Caracalla, for whom they fought in 213 a campaign against the Alamanni.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio III Parthica - Parthian-conquering Third Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrOm3MsDK_FsmDAs2VnG4XZPVnpXyBuLXgaj0wDoYw_WcQRFFtGn5I7y3SY9rdlIyBoFqvf0DksrNvjh5B-5QI65JkUy3S7_HSl9icFd8NaRlkvqHPkC7NdGcQbhfFkOrBH5wPxVZd4ZZu/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+III+Parthica+-+Parthian-conquering+Third+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+Parthica+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrOm3MsDK_FsmDAs2VnG4XZPVnpXyBuLXgaj0wDoYw_WcQRFFtGn5I7y3SY9rdlIyBoFqvf0DksrNvjh5B-5QI65JkUy3S7_HSl9icFd8NaRlkvqHPkC7NdGcQbhfFkOrBH5wPxVZd4ZZu/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+III+Parthica+-+Parthian-conquering+Third+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+Parthica+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio tertia Parthica ("Parthian-conquering Third Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 197 by the emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193-211) for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. The legion was still active in the Eastern provinces in the early 5th century. The legion's symbol was probably a bull. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Together with its sister legions I Parthica and II Parthica, the third Parthian legion was levied for the attack on the eastern frontier. The campaign was a success and Ctesiphon, the Parthian capital, was taken and sacked. III Parthica remained in the region afterwards, garrisoning the new province of Mesopotamia. Their main base camp was Rhesaena, where they had the duty of securing the main roads and protect the province against the Sassanids.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio IV Flavia Felix - Lucky Flavian Fourth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhttmggAuW6UBfrHD6x_WZF5jIP6FP_9VnR2ScRGg5WQ8NUzRXPeAdfRZU08SO61qjdlYMwcU6KKD9iCCAuw6eRDDRbUoCdtVZnZ6V1UGt3shPjqciZucIZSHU5G6pBMic5WdfZRLsw6SFo/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+IV+Flavia+Felix+-+Lucky+Flavian+Fourth+Legion+-+Legio+quarta+Flavia+Felix+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255Dpng.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhttmggAuW6UBfrHD6x_WZF5jIP6FP_9VnR2ScRGg5WQ8NUzRXPeAdfRZU08SO61qjdlYMwcU6KKD9iCCAuw6eRDDRbUoCdtVZnZ6V1UGt3shPjqciZucIZSHU5G6pBMic5WdfZRLsw6SFo/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+IV+Flavia+Felix+-+Lucky+Flavian+Fourth+Legion+-+Legio+quarta+Flavia+Felix+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255Dpng.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio quarta Flavia Felix ("Lucky Flavian Fourth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 70 by the emperor Vespasian (r. 69-79) from the cadre of the disbanded Legio IV Macedonica. The legion was active in Moesia Superior in the first half of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a lion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">During the Batavian rebellion, the IV Macedonica fought for Vespasian, but the emperor distrusted his men, probably because they had supported Vitellius two years before. Therefore IV Macedonica was disbanded, and a new Fourth legion, called Flavian Felix was levied by the emperor, who gave the legio his nomen, Flavia. Since the symbol of the legion is a lion, it was probably levied in July/August 70.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">IV Flavia Felix was camped in Burnum, Dalmatia (modern Kistanje), where it replaced XI Claudia. After the Dacian invasion of 86, Domitian moved the legion to Moesia Superior, in Singidunum (modern Belgrade, Serbia), although there is some evidence of the presence of this legion, of one of its vexillationes in Viminacium (near modern-day Kostolac, Serbia), base of VII Claudia.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In 88 the Fourth participated to the retaliation invasion of Dacia (see Domitian's Dacian War). It also participated in the Dacian Wars of Trajan, being victorious at the Second Battle of Tapae. The legion also participated at the final and decisive battle against the Dacians, conquering their capital, Sarmisegetusa.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Monuments of IV Flavia Felix have been found at Aquincum (Budapest). This suggests that a subunit replaced II Adiutrix during its absence during the wars of Lucius Verus against the Parthian empire (162-166). In the Marcomannic Wars (166-180 AD), the fourth fought on the Danube against the Germanic tribes. After the death of Pertinax, the IV Flavia Felix supported Septimius Severus against usurpers Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion may have fought in one of the several wars against the Sassanids, but stayed in Moesia Superior until the first half of the 5th century.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio IV Macedonica - Macedonian Fourth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcKHXt9opEHTpPMYeo1JbvSCMo2acb2tXdZxveESb0IZKjytCp_FNIAcm3ogFv6dydPcPqflx9HrzUWBnfl0B6vBQ55wHlC4cDmqWH7beay4rUyLO0xqcnINrxGtGNRjCs1e0fioSKzqzM/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+IV+Macedonica+-+Macedonian+Fourth+Legion+-+Legio+quarta+Macedonica+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcKHXt9opEHTpPMYeo1JbvSCMo2acb2tXdZxveESb0IZKjytCp_FNIAcm3ogFv6dydPcPqflx9HrzUWBnfl0B6vBQ55wHlC4cDmqWH7beay4rUyLO0xqcnINrxGtGNRjCs1e0fioSKzqzM/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+IV+Macedonica+-+Macedonian+Fourth+Legion+-+Legio+quarta+Macedonica+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio quarta Macedonica ("Macedonian Fourth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in 48 BC by Gaius Julius Caesar (dictator of Rome 49-44 BC) with Italian legionaries. The legion was disbanded in AD 70 by Emperor Vespasian. The legion symbols were a bull (as with all of Caesar's legions) and a Capricorn. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In 48 BC, the Roman Republic was decaying rapidly. Caesar had crossed the Rubicon River in the year before, starting a civil war. Pompey, Cato the younger and the rest of the conservative faction of the senate had fled to Greece. Caesar was preparing to follow in pursuit and, among other preparations, levied Legio IV. The first battles of the legion were Dyrrhachium and Pharsalus, where Caesar defeated Pompey. After this, the legion was stationed in the province of Macedonia, attaining thus its cognomen.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">IV Macedonica sided always with Julius Caesar's adopted son, Octavian, first against Caesar's murderers in the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, then against Mark Antony in the naval Battle of Actium in 31 BC.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Octavian, now Augustus, sent the legion to Hispania Tarraconensis in 30 BC, to take part in the Cantabrian Wars. In 25 BC, they served as the decisive force in the Battle of Vellica under the personal command of Augustus.[2] After Augustus' victory in 13 BC, the legion remained in the province, but its effectives were spread through the Iberian Peninsula.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In 43, the legion was transferred to Germania Superior, to replace XIV Gemina as the garrison of Moguntiacum (modern Mainz). Along with XXII Primigenia, the legion supported Vitellius, governor of Germania Superior, in the Year of the Four Emperors (69), first against Otho, then Vespasian, who would become emperor in the end.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">During the Batavian rebellion (69/70), IV Macedonica secured Moguntiacum and fought under Petillius Cerialis against the rebels. Their actions deserved no reproach but Vespasian did not trust its men, probably due to their support for Vitellius. The legion was disbanded in 70, but reconstituted shortly afterwards under the name of Legio IV Flavia Felix.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio IV Scythica - Scythian Fourth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-kLQgSHSWLMTp67PiHy_e08GdUtPaafiH4xnOWQzzoQBpKmQiWHUh3K3aDUuyOzLN04O_k4cPoKwRH6uqfYiUG8NhifqmxH3b2oUJyOiFZRmE0zkWouFDijRynicbu31tFYjObNMdV6Mv/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+IV+Scythica+-+Scythian+Fourth+Legion+-+Legio+quarta+Scythica+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-kLQgSHSWLMTp67PiHy_e08GdUtPaafiH4xnOWQzzoQBpKmQiWHUh3K3aDUuyOzLN04O_k4cPoKwRH6uqfYiUG8NhifqmxH3b2oUJyOiFZRmE0zkWouFDijRynicbu31tFYjObNMdV6Mv/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+IV+Scythica+-+Scythian+Fourth+Legion+-+Legio+quarta+Scythica+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio quarta Scythica ("Scythian Fourth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded c. 42 BC by the general Mark Antony, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence its other cognomen, Parthica. The legion was still active in Syria in the early 5th century. In its first years, the whereabouts of IV Scythica are uncertain, although it is probable that it took part in Antony's campaign against the Parthians. The name suggests that it fought against the Scythians. After the battle of Actium and Antony's suicide, Octavian transferred IV Scythica to the Danube province of Moesia. The legion is reported to have taken part in civilian tasks, such as the building and keeping of roads. In his youth, future emperor Vespasian served in this legion. King Vologases I of Parthia invaded Armenia, a client kingdom of Rome, in 58. Nero ordered Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, the new legate of Cappadocia, to manage the matter. Corbulo brought IIII Scythica from Moesia, and with III Gallica and VI Ferrata defeated the Parthians, restoring Tigranes VI on Armenian throne. In 62, IIII Scythica and XII Fulminata, commanded by the new legate of Cappadocia, Lucius Caesennius Paetus, were defeated by the Parthians at the Battle of Rhandeia and forced to surrender. The legions were covered with shame and removed from the war theatre to Zeugma. This city would be the base camp of IIII Scythica for the next century.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio V Alaudae - Lark-crested Fifth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbNEzOXAfEj-zd3kRigMjTzjwlAV4yojc_kj4Ir8Q4oXfiYNcOvcBaV9hbsySeZ-5LrclWc79YM2szUXxiWugwdgAAg3zY4WqgEow9ZDYrB-rNmK2rEIGqSLw9xM5CY8yTbVY1rjVGo6rO/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+V+Alaudae+-+Lark-crested+Fifth+Legion+-+Legio+quinta+Alaudae+%255B3.1%255D%255B12X12%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbNEzOXAfEj-zd3kRigMjTzjwlAV4yojc_kj4Ir8Q4oXfiYNcOvcBaV9hbsySeZ-5LrclWc79YM2szUXxiWugwdgAAg3zY4WqgEow9ZDYrB-rNmK2rEIGqSLw9xM5CY8yTbVY1rjVGo6rO/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+V+Alaudae+-+Lark-crested+Fifth+Legion+-+Legio+quinta+Alaudae+%255B3.1%255D%255B12X12%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio quinta alaudae ("Lark-crested Fifth Legion"), sometimes also known as Gallica, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in 52 BC by the general Gaius Julius Caesar (dictator of Rome 49-44 BC). </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Its emblem was an elephant, and their cognomen Alaudae came from the high crest on the soldiers' helmets, typical of the Gauls, which made them look like larks. The French word "Alouette" is a direct descendant of "Alauda", itself not a proper Latin noun, but a loan word from Gaulish, possibly the first reason for the legionary name. Its emblem was awarded in 46 BC for bravery against a charge of elephants in the Battle of Thapsus.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">V Alaudae was the first Roman legion composed of provincial soldiers, as opposed to Roman citizens. Caesar paid the soldiers with his own resources, but the legion was later recognized by the Roman Senate. V Alaudae was raised to fight Vercingetorix in the Gallic Wars, and stayed in Gaul until 49 BC, when it was moved to Spain. The legion served with Mark Antony between 41 BC and 31 BC and probably fought in Actium. After Antony committed suicide, it was merged into Augustus' army in 30 BC. Legio V was involved in a mutiny on the Rhine in AD 14. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion suffered heavy casualties in the Batavian rebellion in the year 70 AD. It was destroyed in AD 86 at the battle of Tapae in Domitian's Dacian War.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio V Macedonica - The Fifth Macedonian Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi43Xi1-Sq9jrEOSAwwmV_ZHXS_lNxOlVbZw93qQBaIXraEwOJyKYOur8CwSClXAXVrPSIDOK7tB9-xOqXEKljcbz7GAe1KOkxV_0rHV3hXZoor558lLD4zM3kbuHLzyKL2PjWpQgVDvP1U/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+V+Macedonica+-+Fifth+Macedonian+Legion+-+Legio+quinta+Macedonica+%255BRED+BULL%252BBLUE+BULL%252BRED+EAGLE%255D%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1178" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi43Xi1-Sq9jrEOSAwwmV_ZHXS_lNxOlVbZw93qQBaIXraEwOJyKYOur8CwSClXAXVrPSIDOK7tB9-xOqXEKljcbz7GAe1KOkxV_0rHV3hXZoor558lLD4zM3kbuHLzyKL2PjWpQgVDvP1U/s640/Vexillum+of+Legio+V+Macedonica+-+Fifth+Macedonian+Legion+-+Legio+quinta+Macedonica+%255BRED+BULL%252BBLUE+BULL%252BRED+EAGLE%255D%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio quinta Macedonica (the Fifth Macedonian Legion) was a Roman legion. It was probably originally levied in 43 BC by consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Octavian (later known as the Emperor Augustus). It was based in the Balkan provinces of Macedonia, Moesia and Dacia. In the Notitia Dignitatum records from beginning of the fifth century, the legion was still stationed in Dacia, with detachments stationed in the east and Egypt.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The last known evidence shows the legion, or detachments from it, stationed in Egypt in the seventh century one or two years before the Islamic conquest of Egypt. It is often assumed that the legion fought in this war and was destroyed, although it is uncertain whether detachments or the whole legion were in Egypt, and there is no further evidence of the legion's eventual fate. Its symbol was the bull, but the eagle was used as well.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio VI Ferrata - Sixth Ironclad Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE8yuYMLUDGNQk1sUa9oVoQdOA95baq-QdEu45AVJdEIiNme4WCXeHWexlFh_dEGsx4rZny_-5GLdnYjGwTV1CmKGs_LFbyHS8BE3XhHN4IQaOo_MOZJHuXGuj3IXwIdUmtwCqMklZ5T9c/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+VI+Ferrata+-+Sixth+Ironclad+Legion+-+Legio+sexta+ferrata+%255BRED+WOLF%252BGREEN+WOLF%252BRED+BULL%255D%255B6.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1186" data-original-width="1186" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE8yuYMLUDGNQk1sUa9oVoQdOA95baq-QdEu45AVJdEIiNme4WCXeHWexlFh_dEGsx4rZny_-5GLdnYjGwTV1CmKGs_LFbyHS8BE3XhHN4IQaOo_MOZJHuXGuj3IXwIdUmtwCqMklZ5T9c/s640/Vexillum+of+Legio+VI+Ferrata+-+Sixth+Ironclad+Legion+-+Legio+sexta+ferrata+%255BRED+WOLF%252BGREEN+WOLF%252BRED+BULL%255D%255B6.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio sexta ferrata ("Sixth Ironclad Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It probably originated from the Republican general Pompey's 6th legion in Spain. In 30 BC it became part of the Emperor Augustus's standing army. It continued in existence into the 4th century. A Legio VI fought in the Roman Republican civil wars of the 40s and 30s BC. Sent to garrison the province of Judaea, it remained there for the next two centuries.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Legion was also known as Fidelis Constans, meaning "loyal and steadfast". It is unclear when this title was given, but several sources indicate that it may have been in the 1st century AD. The symbol for Legio VI Ferrata was the bull. It also carried the symbolic she-wolf with Romulus and Remus.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank">L<span style="color: #990000;">egio VI Victrix - Victorious Sixth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvX5DizmN9UvDZRF5KoXA_9_vjCjDwueRwnqxJHbNYUClaA1-AEVBgoxnpUyUp2CLNk_PsKh1kk1iS3wl7DfarLSYHJJ7UjQCk_om6f59RewOEuQkLdPswucJBUaNFOWCORuIiivEys_lh/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+VI+Victrix+-+Victorious+Sixth+Legion+-+Legio+sexta+Victrix+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvX5DizmN9UvDZRF5KoXA_9_vjCjDwueRwnqxJHbNYUClaA1-AEVBgoxnpUyUp2CLNk_PsKh1kk1iS3wl7DfarLSYHJJ7UjQCk_om6f59RewOEuQkLdPswucJBUaNFOWCORuIiivEys_lh/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+VI+Victrix+-+Victorious+Sixth+Legion+-+Legio+sexta+Victrix+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio sexta victrix ("Victorious Sixth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in 41 BC by the general Octavian (later known as the emperor Augustus). It was the twin legion of VI Ferrata and perhaps held veterans of that legion, and some soldiers kept to the traditions of the Caesarian legion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion saw its first action in Perusia in 41 BC. It also served against the Sextus Pompeius, who occupied Sicily and made threats to discontinue sending grain to Rome. In 31 BC the legion fought in the Battle of Actium against Mark Antony. The legion took part in the final stage of the Roman conquest of Hispania, participating in Augustus' major war against the Cantabrians, from 29 BC to 19 BC, that brought all of the Iberian Peninsula under Roman rule.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion stayed in Spain for nearly a century and received the surname Hispaniensis, founding the city of Legio (modern-day León). Soldiers of this unit and X Gemina numbered among the first settlers of Caesaraugusta, what became modern-day Zaragoza. The cognomen Victrix (Victorious) dates back to the reign of Nero. But Nero was unpopular in the area, and when the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, Servius Sulpicius Galba, said he wished to overthrow Nero, the legion supported him and he was proclaimed Emperor in the VI Victrix legionary camp. Galba created VII Gemina and marched on Rome, where Nero killed himself. For a brief period (approximately 110 AD to 119, the legion was stationed along the Rhine River in the Roman province of Germany Inferior. n 119, Hadrian relocated the legion to northern Britannia, to assist those legions already present in quelling the resistance there. Victrix was key in securing victory, and would eventually replace the diminished IX Hispana at Eboracum. In 122 the legion started work on Hadrian's Wall which would sustain the peace for two decades. Twenty years later, they helped construct the Antonine Wall and its forts such as Castlecary but it was largely abandoned by 164.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio VII Claudia Pia Fidelis - Claudius' Seventh Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0McK_KNRDEuhfCGE751lDVyB_vRKQcQ0MZrXX8cKOTzK44sGfyq2chP5C7sDbVgWarcfE4MlFXBgfqpAjLaMvrOygvXRqvRB84j_ikrkA1myTCJTYhQvcsj9aO3Ke54sfGqhrKD0q01cA/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+VII+Claudia+Pia+Fidelis+-+Claudius%2527+Seventh+Legion+-+Legio+septima+Claudia+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0McK_KNRDEuhfCGE751lDVyB_vRKQcQ0MZrXX8cKOTzK44sGfyq2chP5C7sDbVgWarcfE4MlFXBgfqpAjLaMvrOygvXRqvRB84j_ikrkA1myTCJTYhQvcsj9aO3Ke54sfGqhrKD0q01cA/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+VII+Claudia+Pia+Fidelis+-+Claudius%2527+Seventh+Legion+-+Legio+septima+Claudia+%255B3.1%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio septima Claudia (Claudius' Seventh Legion) was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. Its emblem, like that of all Caesar's legions, was the bull, together with the lion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Seventh, the Sixth, the Eighth and the Ninth were all founded by Pompey in Spain in 65 BC. With the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth legions, the Seventh was among the oldest units in the imperial Roman army. They were ordered to Cisalpine Gaul around 58 BC by Julius Caesar, and marched with him throughout the entire Gallic Wars. The Roman commander mentions the Seventh in his account of the battle against the Nervians, and it seems that it was employed during the expedition through western Gaul led by Caesar's deputy Crassus. In 56, the Seventh was present during the Venetic campaign. During the crisis caused by Vercingetorix, it fought in the neighborhood of Lutetia; it must have been active at Alesia and it was certainly involved in the mopping-up operations among the Bellovaci.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio VII was one of the two legions used in Caesar's invasions of Britain, and played a crucial role in the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, and it existed at least until the end of the 4th century, guarding the middle Danube.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Tiberius Claudius Maximus, the Roman soldier who brought the head of Decebalus to the emperor Trajan, was serving in Legio VII Claudia.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio VII Gemina - The Twins' Seventh Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwp5ZhtB012sbiQwAiVIlcTAmrTDIc5-lq5q7ToeCjRs1kqtmrI9hSHhbUbSMcyu80SY4yHBloZ6MeHA-QDtUSTYazNe1ylVuVghiydndwpjVISbg4LkYwPQknNU1k8RIQGgdd2qhCUWVg/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+VII+Gemina+-+The+Twins%2527+Seventh+Legion+-+Legio+septima+Gemina+%255B3.0%255D%255B2x2%255Dpng.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwp5ZhtB012sbiQwAiVIlcTAmrTDIc5-lq5q7ToeCjRs1kqtmrI9hSHhbUbSMcyu80SY4yHBloZ6MeHA-QDtUSTYazNe1ylVuVghiydndwpjVISbg4LkYwPQknNU1k8RIQGgdd2qhCUWVg/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+VII+Gemina+-+The+Twins%2527+Seventh+Legion+-+Legio+septima+Gemina+%255B3.0%255D%255B2x2%255Dpng.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio septima Gemina (properly Geminia: Latin for "The Twins' Seventh Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was founded in AD 68 in Hispania by the general Galba to take part in his rebellion against the emperor Nero. "Gemina" means the legion was dedicated to the legendary twin founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus, who were suckled by a she-wolf. The legion was deployed in the city called Legio (modern-day León, Spain) in AD 74 and remained in Hispania to the end of the 4th century.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Tacitus calls the legion "Galbiana", to distinguish it from the senior Legio VII Claudia, but this appellation is not found on any inscriptions. It appears to have received the appellation of "Gemina" on account of its amalgamation by Vespasian with one of the German legions, not improbably the Legio I Germanica.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Between 86 and 89 the Legion was commanded by the future emperor and native of the region Trajan.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After serving in Pannonia and in the civil wars, it was settled by Vespasian in Hispania Tarraconensis, to supply the place of the Legio VI Victrix and Legio X Gemina, two of the three legions ordinarily stationed in the province, but which had been withdrawn to Germania. The Antonine Itinerary, Ptolemy, the Notitia Imperii, as well as a few inscriptions all state that its regular winter quarters, under later emperors, were at Leon, but there are numerous inscriptions to prove that a strong detachment of it was stationed at Tarraco (modern Tarragona), the chief city of the province.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio VIII Augusta - Augustus' Eighth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlni8xn-4q8PA-2d14Ffo1tnSyyVjJDokoorkaTJCCr_oug77ZjCh45asb4pLVLxsppd7OjY3KG1XqNxg339ZYo3TWrmItH0xHtEbf64QCOjlpSOt4xriKejZaHkuD65cvaP_3VLwztI0A/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+VIII+Augusta+-+Augustus%2527+Eighth+Legion+-+Legio+octava+Augusta+%255BRED%252BBLUE%255D%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="862" data-original-width="862" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlni8xn-4q8PA-2d14Ffo1tnSyyVjJDokoorkaTJCCr_oug77ZjCh45asb4pLVLxsppd7OjY3KG1XqNxg339ZYo3TWrmItH0xHtEbf64QCOjlpSOt4xriKejZaHkuD65cvaP_3VLwztI0A/s640/Vexillum+of+Legio+VIII+Augusta+-+Augustus%2527+Eighth+Legion+-+Legio+octava+Augusta+%255BRED%252BBLUE%255D%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio octava Augusta ("Augustus' Eighth Legion") was one of the oldest legions of the Imperial Roman army founded by Pompey in 65 BC, along with the 6th, 7th and 9th, and continuing in service to Rome for at least 400 years thereafter.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">They were ordered to Cisalpine Gaul around 58 BC by Julius Caesar, and marched with him throughout the entire Gallic Wars. They stood with him at the Battle of Pharsalus. The legion was also present in Egypt, when Caesar captured Egypt for Cleopatra. In 46 BC the legion took part in the Battle of Thapsus (modern Tunisia), shortly before their disbandment. In 44 BC, Augustus reconstituted the legion which had helped him attain the control of the Empire. This loyalty gave the legion the cognomen Augusta.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Around 45 AD the VIII Augusta took part in the suppression of the Thracian uprising, and founded its castrum at Novae where the Danube has its most southern bend and from where the legion controlled a long section of the Danube. In 69 AD, the Year of the Four Emperors, following the suicide of Nero, the legion took the side of Vespasian, the new emperor. The legion went with Vespasian to Mirebeau-sur-Bèze in Gaul in 70 AD to oppose the revolts of the Treveri and especially the Ubii and Lingons against Rome, and where it built its new base. The legion left in 86 AD, at latest, to its next base at Argentoratum (Strasbourg).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion also fought in Parthia with Septimius Severus (who ruled from 193 until 211) and with his successors.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Records indicate that they were still active during the first years of the 4th century at the Rhine frontier. This means that the history of the legion covers more than 400 years of almost continuous service. In 371 it was stationed in Argentoratum (Strasbourg), in Germania Superior, according to an inscription. Later, the Roman general Stilicho, was compelled to move the German legions back to Italy to defend it against the Visigothic invasion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio IX Hispana - 9th Spanish Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOogD4bBY-AH_jz3j4NiAQDdiMTVLOqrq4kZphGriYflSi-RH1L6_1mgyX-DvqlVXQUiHVHQCKv2Li5S770oG8d0fgwFpffbsbAcwI2IFXx4vdK6wF0jwYrsxe_tAwS-yvKosTO7RgrFni/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+IX+Hispana+-+9th+Legion+Spanish+-+Legio+nona+Hispana+%255BSTANDARD%255D%255BVEXILLOID%255D%255B3.1%255D%255B12X12%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOogD4bBY-AH_jz3j4NiAQDdiMTVLOqrq4kZphGriYflSi-RH1L6_1mgyX-DvqlVXQUiHVHQCKv2Li5S770oG8d0fgwFpffbsbAcwI2IFXx4vdK6wF0jwYrsxe_tAwS-yvKosTO7RgrFni/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+IX+Hispana+-+9th+Legion+Spanish+-+Legio+nona+Hispana+%255BSTANDARD%255D%255BVEXILLOID%255D%255B3.1%255D%255B12X12%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio IX Hispana ("9th Legion – Spanish"), also written Legio nona Hispana or Legio VIIII Hispana, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army that existed from the 1st century BC until at least AD 120. The legion fought in various provinces of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. It was stationed in Britain following the Roman invasion in 43 AD. The legion disappears from surviving Roman records after c. AD 120 and there is no extant account of what happened to it.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The unknown fate of the legion has been the subject of considerable research and speculation. One theory (per historian Theodor Mommsen) was that the legion was wiped out in action in northern Britain soon after 108, the date of the latest datable inscription of the Ninth found in Britain, perhaps during a rising of northern tribes against Roman rule. This view was popularized by the 1954 novel The Eagle of the Ninth in which the legion is said to have marched into Caledonia (modern day Scotland), after which it was "never heard of again".</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This theory fell out of favor among modern scholars as successive inscriptions of IX Hispana were found in the site of the legionary base at Nijmegen (Netherlands), suggesting the Ninth may have been based there from c. 120, later than the legion's supposed annihilation in Britain. The Nijmegen evidence has led to suggestions that IX Hispana was destroyed in later conflicts of the 2nd century. Suggestions include the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–5) or Marcus Aurelius' war against Parthia (161–6) in Armenia. However, some scholars have ascribed the Nijmegen evidence to a mere detachment of IX Hispana; not the whole legion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In any event, it is clear that the IX Hispana did not exist during the reign of the emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193–211), as it is not included in two identical but independent lists of the 33 legions existing in this period.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio X Equestris - Tenth Mounted Legion </span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3jntaWdwP7SAdsPpfvmIxirarr_khZxdt1Zp9zqdiMBUHckFhmOexA5WsNc-QTZO1ZI4hbV-4gtmlFvL50iBMuo9sU0CpfbKuyRSFqOlC500fslGGLVi2Onyvs0FEl2aQpFlpyhYiCzb_/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+X+Equestris+-+Tenth+Mounted+Legion+%255B3D%255D%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3jntaWdwP7SAdsPpfvmIxirarr_khZxdt1Zp9zqdiMBUHckFhmOexA5WsNc-QTZO1ZI4hbV-4gtmlFvL50iBMuo9sU0CpfbKuyRSFqOlC500fslGGLVi2Onyvs0FEl2aQpFlpyhYiCzb_/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+X+Equestris+-+Tenth+Mounted+Legion+%255B3D%255D%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio X Equestris (Latin: Tenth Legion "Mounted"), a Roman legion, was levied by Julius Caesar in 61 BC when he was the Governor of Hispania Ulterior. The Tenth was the first legion levied personally by Caesar and was consistently his most trusted. The name Equestris was applied after Caesar mounted legionaries from the Tenth on horses as a ruse in a parley with the German King Ariovistus in 58 BC because he did not trust his Gallic cavalry auxiliaries from the Aedui tribe. Legio X was famous in its day and throughout history, because of its portrayal in Caesar's Commentaries and the prominent role the Tenth played in his Gallic campaigns. Its soldiers were discharged in 45 BC. Its remnants were reconstituted, fought for Mark Antony and Octavian, disbanded, and later merged into X Gemina.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">When Gaius Julius Caesar arrived as Governor in the province of Baetica or Hispania Ulterior (modern Andalusia), as it was in 61 BC, he immediately decided to subdue the west and northwest areas (modern day Portugal). He already had two legions based in the province, the 8th and 9th Legions, which had been enlisted by Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) in 65 BC. Caesar needed a third legion for his planned campaign and so he immediately enlisted a new legion, the 10th Legion. Enlisted in March, the legion took as its emblem the bull, an emblem which proved popular with other legions such as Legio V Alaudae (Larks), Legio XI, Legio XII Victrix, and Legio XIII Gemina. The campaign in the summer of 61 BC was very successful and the 10th Legion showed itself to be brave and loyal to Julius Caesar. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">During the civil war that followed Caesar's assassination, the Legio X fought for the triumvirs until the final Battle of Philippi. The Tenth later followed Mark Antony in Armenia, during his Parthian campaign. During Antony's civil war, the legion fought for Mark Antony until the defeat in the Battle of Actium, after which the legion moved into Octavian's army. When the legion rebelled under Augustus, it was disbanded, stripped of its Equestris title, and, being populated with soldiers from other legions, renamed X Gemina.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio X Fretensis - Tenth legion of the Strait</span></a></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcqox5qIAgZ39PJwWpqEwUwXqw1bhVd8a7UCXT6pFG3M9V8lFuCzbeDUMBacknhbwOKbIRyMM3Mpzt9vJ34HZQpT2cWkVdVKXxcc6xcWSiDf2LnQpc4lDgTuNZ2oPtLdikG1KqGhyphenhyphenPjK3c/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+X+Fretensis+-+Tenth+Legion+of+the+Strait+-+Fretensis+of+the+sea+strait+%255BRED+BOAR%252BBLUE+SHIP%255D%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="862" data-original-width="862" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcqox5qIAgZ39PJwWpqEwUwXqw1bhVd8a7UCXT6pFG3M9V8lFuCzbeDUMBacknhbwOKbIRyMM3Mpzt9vJ34HZQpT2cWkVdVKXxcc6xcWSiDf2LnQpc4lDgTuNZ2oPtLdikG1KqGhyphenhyphenPjK3c/s640/Vexillum+of+Legio+X+Fretensis+-+Tenth+Legion+of+the+Strait+-+Fretensis+of+the+sea+strait+%255BRED+BOAR%252BBLUE+SHIP%255D%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio X Fretensis ("Tenth legion of the Strait") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was founded by the young Gaius Octavius (later to become Augustus Caesar) in 41/40 BC to fight during the period of civil war that started the dissolution of the Roman Republic. X Fretensis is then recorded to have existed at least until the 410s.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">X Fretensis symbols were the bull — the holy animal of the goddess Venus (mythical ancestor of the gens Julia) — a ship (probably a reference to the Battles of Naulochus and/or Actium), the god Neptune, and a boar. The symbol of Taurus may also mean that it was organized between 20 April and 20 May.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Octavian, later known as Augustus, levied a legion and gave it the number ten, as a reference to Julius Caesar's famous Tenth Legion. In 36 BC, the Tenth Legion fought under Octavian against Sextus Pompey in the Battle of Naulochus, where it earned its cognomen Fretensis. The name refers to the fact that the battle took place near the sea Strait of Messina (Fretum Siculum)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio X Gemina - The Twins' Tenth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifeZTON0yTYBNCIXrMN1vG5bKWoUTrjSH001jD2YxAZ9ujqtio0pydj468kD4znnuwHya0HDcgtq0m9-TFiHqcT4J6ayRls58y1DlNj2OwIMyueeTvSHrwzmO31iwHmtjB3w-7t2eTI3KN/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+X+Gemina+-+The+Twins%2527+Tenth+Legion+-+Legio+decima+Geminia+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255Dpng.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifeZTON0yTYBNCIXrMN1vG5bKWoUTrjSH001jD2YxAZ9ujqtio0pydj468kD4znnuwHya0HDcgtq0m9-TFiHqcT4J6ayRls58y1DlNj2OwIMyueeTvSHrwzmO31iwHmtjB3w-7t2eTI3KN/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+X+Gemina+-+The+Twins%2527+Tenth+Legion+-+Legio+decima+Geminia+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255Dpng.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio decima Gemina ("The Twins' Tenth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the legion was called X Equestris (mounted), because Caesar once used the legionaries as cavalry.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XI Claudia - Claudius' Eleventh Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMQfgmeOXij1FiqzdfFQHpbFl2gR6yos1qBjFhKchN3yWQNygpkiP7UIIdDkaYEDgoe1poicLMPppFH5L978J9vmfTCSTCiAJRM7ErgRDqgrBxhfqCYMFNJDRfJqiwTlUyMacOzNg3YHnE/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XI+Claudia+Pia+Fidelis+-+Claudius%2527+Eleventh+Legion+-+Legio+undecim+Claudia+%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMQfgmeOXij1FiqzdfFQHpbFl2gR6yos1qBjFhKchN3yWQNygpkiP7UIIdDkaYEDgoe1poicLMPppFH5L978J9vmfTCSTCiAJRM7ErgRDqgrBxhfqCYMFNJDRfJqiwTlUyMacOzNg3YHnE/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XI+Claudia+Pia+Fidelis+-+Claudius%2527+Eleventh+Legion+-+Legio+undecim+Claudia+%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio undecima Claudia ("Claudius' Eleventh Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. XI Claudia dates back to the two legions (the other was the XIIth) recruited by Julius Caesar to invade Gallia in 58 BC, and it existed at least until the early 5th century, guarding lower Danube in Durostorum (modern Silistra, Bulgaria). The emblem of the legion is not known; it could have been, as all of the Caesar's legions, the bull. Possibly, it could have been the sea God Neptune or his trident. Also, the she-wolf lactating the twins is not entirely ruled out.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XII Fulminata - Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp0FcWhmRK8ncUoKjl3isy0p0UasRf6ux60GQeU4TL4GrD130zPvLYnprMppL4KtzEwduvbG7OJJW2Sw1zLSr_C0UHTmaj8ub3yvhqb__JGCWUfQDeIPv2zbDtroS1XEFJYSLyFVxgJP1E/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XII+Fulminata+-+Thunderbolt+Twelfth+Legion+-+Legio+duodecima+Fulminata%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp0FcWhmRK8ncUoKjl3isy0p0UasRf6ux60GQeU4TL4GrD130zPvLYnprMppL4KtzEwduvbG7OJJW2Sw1zLSr_C0UHTmaj8ub3yvhqb__JGCWUfQDeIPv2zbDtroS1XEFJYSLyFVxgJP1E/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XII+Fulminata+-+Thunderbolt+Twelfth+Legion+-+Legio+duodecima+Fulminata%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Legio duodecima Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and which accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. The unit was still guarding the Euphrates River crossing near Melitene at the beginning of the 5th century. The legion's emblem was a thunderbolt (on a shield fulmen). In later centuries it came to be called commonly, but incorrectly, the Legio Fulminatrix, the Thundering Legion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Twelfth legion, as it is perhaps better known, fought in the Battle against the Nervians, and probably also in the Siege of Alesia. The Twelfth fought at the Battle of Pharsalus (48 BC), when Caesar defeated Pompey. After Caesar won the civil war, the legion was named Victrix, and enlisted in 43 BC by Lepidus and Mark Anthony. Mark Anthony led the Twelfth, renamed XII Antiqua during his campaign against the Parthian Empire.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XIII Gemina - 13th Twin Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgStBYp7cFlO-h7s1B1OKaONgTGjNHluNLX6IaMeRLYNkqRBRLFjMrOkMi04B7nHE7wpMeOENn8l77Kbg3PuRu6Kqrr_SyBLb1dhoU7I8RNv9lFkctR2rGhQE8Lw-kltj9w4i7rd8i0DvYP/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XIII+Gemina+-+13th+Twin+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+decima+Geminia+%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgStBYp7cFlO-h7s1B1OKaONgTGjNHluNLX6IaMeRLYNkqRBRLFjMrOkMi04B7nHE7wpMeOENn8l77Kbg3PuRu6Kqrr_SyBLb1dhoU7I8RNv9lFkctR2rGhQE8Lw-kltj9w4i7rd8i0DvYP/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XIII+Gemina+-+13th+Twin+Legion+-+Legio+tertia+decima+Geminia+%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio tertia decima Geminia, the 13th Twin Legion, also known as Legio tertia decima Gemina, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul and in the civil war, and was the legion with which he famously crossed the Rubicon on January 10, 49 BC. The legion appears to have still been in existence in the 5th century AD. Its symbol was the lion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio XIII was levied by Julius Caesar in 57 BC, before marching against the Belgae, in one of his early interventions in intra-Gallic conflicts. During the Gallic Wars (58–51 BC), Legio XIII was present at the Battle against the Nervians, the Siege of Gergovia, and while not specifically mentioned in the sources, it is reasonable to assume that Legio XIII was also present for the Battle of Alesia.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After the end of the Gallic wars, the Roman Senate refused Caesar his second consulship, ordered him to give up his commands, and demanded he return to Rome to face prosecution. Forced to choose either the end of his political career or civil war, Caesar brought Legio XIII across the Rubicon river and into Italy. The legion remained faithful to Caesar during the resulting civil war between Caesar and the conservative Optimates faction of the senate, whose legions were commanded by Pompey. Legio XIII was active throughout the entire war, fighting at Dyrrhachium (48 BC) and Pharsalus (48 BC). After the decisive victory over Pompey at Pharsalus, the legion was to be disbanded, and the legionaries "pensioned off" with the traditional land grants; however, the legion was recalled for the Battle of Thapsus (46 BC) and the final Battle of Munda (45 BC). After Munda, Caesar disbanded the legion, retired his veterans, and gave them farmland in Italy.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XIV Gemina - The Twinned Fourteenth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9IVsI-YlyNg3cSl1dodGA1L97oc1EY4j49VLyN35JYy5yATXRqF4cvihKD5ZVJsH_RD0DfFZzI631nFFWo3ESnkXo6jatNRNzlQ-F6qeriwc1fUbofpMQmzZLaDgxM8PmL4-EClg_eoBu/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XIV+Gemina+-+The+Twinned+Fourteenth+Legio+-+Legio+quarta+decima+Gemina+Martia+Victrix+%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9IVsI-YlyNg3cSl1dodGA1L97oc1EY4j49VLyN35JYy5yATXRqF4cvihKD5ZVJsH_RD0DfFZzI631nFFWo3ESnkXo6jatNRNzlQ-F6qeriwc1fUbofpMQmzZLaDgxM8PmL4-EClg_eoBu/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XIV+Gemina+-+The+Twinned+Fourteenth+Legio+-+Legio+quarta+decima+Gemina+Martia+Victrix+%255B1.2%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio quarta decima Gemina ("The Twinned Fourteenth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army, levied by Julius Caesar in 57 BC. The cognomen Gemina (Twinned) was added when the legion was combined with another understrength legion after the Battle of Actium. The cognomen Martia Victrix (martial and victorious) was added sequentially following their service in the Pannonian War c. AD 9 and the defeat of Boudicca in AD 61. The emblem of the legion was the Capricorn,[1] as with many of the legions levied by Caesar,[1] their shield device displayed the thunderbolt of Jupiter with wings. It was the only legion to do so in the same manner as the Praetorian Guard.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XV Apollinaris - Apollo's Fifteenth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4B8XjtdAgEiKZYsGEcd7KcNi1kZIWX_4Tr6af8_8qil_5xhISktEG499Y_WJvLOiPQnHG09puoI31jt5QrSOsSoFbSDlcPeZFQHOkje7p5pl7MxQ15_ee7wwbioasUvcfTZ5jD8rMutCq/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XV+Apollinaris+-+Apollo%2527s+Fifteenth+Legion+-+Legio+quinta+decima+Apollinaris+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4B8XjtdAgEiKZYsGEcd7KcNi1kZIWX_4Tr6af8_8qil_5xhISktEG499Y_WJvLOiPQnHG09puoI31jt5QrSOsSoFbSDlcPeZFQHOkje7p5pl7MxQ15_ee7wwbioasUvcfTZ5jD8rMutCq/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XV+Apollinaris+-+Apollo%2527s+Fifteenth+Legion+-+Legio+quinta+decima+Apollinaris+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio quinta decima Apollinaris ("Apollo's Fifteenth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was recruited by Octavian in 41/40 BC. The emblem of this legion was probably a picture of Apollo, or of one of his holy animals, such as Griffin.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">XV Apollinaris is sometimes confused with two other legions with the same number: An earlier unit which was commanded by Julius Caesar and met its end in North Africa in 49 BC, and a later unit that was present at the Battle of Philippi on the side of the Second Triumvirate and then sent east. Octavianus (later Emperor Augustus) raised XV Apollinaris in order to end the occupation of Sicily by Sextus Pompeius, who was threatening Rome's grain supply. After the Battle of Actium, where the legion probably gained its epitaph Apollinaris, it was sent to garrison Illyricum, where it probably remained until 6 BC, though it might have seen action in the Cantabrian Wars.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XV Primigenia - Fortune's Fifteenth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip78B6PERnhZakHsZ09DIxI-sSXIsadZmEYPtNeD_mpZIV3CCtLIKUtyj_Vj41DLMPQSGrLtsaEMMC5dZGg8fMKpkI90bX2-Sx-vUAk7qG7SRtzTSNcHvhoh5cwWYW7k1eqLhqlKcbUxqp/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XV+Primigenia+-+Fortune%2527s+Fifteenth+Legion+-+Legio+quinta+decima+Primigenia+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip78B6PERnhZakHsZ09DIxI-sSXIsadZmEYPtNeD_mpZIV3CCtLIKUtyj_Vj41DLMPQSGrLtsaEMMC5dZGg8fMKpkI90bX2-Sx-vUAk7qG7SRtzTSNcHvhoh5cwWYW7k1eqLhqlKcbUxqp/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XV+Primigenia+-+Fortune%2527s+Fifteenth+Legion+-+Legio+quinta+decima+Primigenia+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio quinta decima Primigenia (Fortune's Fifteenth Legion) - was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. Primigena ("firstborn") was one of the nicknames accorded to the Roman goddess Fortuna. Primigenia is an adjective, meaning "of Primigena". It was originally levied by the emperor Caligula in 39 AD, to aid in the Germanic campaigns and was stationed in the Rhine frontier until 70, when it was destroyed during the Batavian rebellion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After its initial campaigns (along the Rhine), XV Primigenia was stationed in Moguntiacum (Mainz). In 43, the redeployment of units following the Roman invasion of Britain leads the XV Primigenia to Xanten, in a camp shared with the V Alaude. In 47 both legions were involved in the war against the Frisians and in the construction of Corbulo’s canal in the Rhine. During the Year of the Four Emperors (68–69), XV Primigenia and the other German border legions supported the claim of Vitellius to the throne, first against Galba and afterwards against Otho. When Vespasian was finally acclaimed undisputed emperor, the legions XV Primigenia and V Alaudae returned to Castra Vetera (Xanten camp), where the Batavian rebellion was already in progress. Both legions were besieged in their winter camp in 69 by a rebel army commanded by Civilis. They finally surrendered in 70 due to hunger and left the camp in orderly fashion under promises of safe conduct. However, the rebels chased the legions and killed the surviving legionaries.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XVI Flavia Firma - Steadfast Flavian Sixteenth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRCXmAIKZ49Nvhs3AdaM1LCiBsZWcK1jHhp3UUTTkTNSDzdTI3b9-TPBGS1T-gqrjHcxmboxNL2JVSg40000EKwEI4dYqDzCEWrXPwZ0Tb66Fjz2tbpwePkzM_2vY8FgXG0_v6iKfxZjq4/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XVI+Flavia+Firma+-+Steadfast+Flavian+Sixteenth+Legion+-+Legio+sexta+decima+Flavia+firma+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRCXmAIKZ49Nvhs3AdaM1LCiBsZWcK1jHhp3UUTTkTNSDzdTI3b9-TPBGS1T-gqrjHcxmboxNL2JVSg40000EKwEI4dYqDzCEWrXPwZ0Tb66Fjz2tbpwePkzM_2vY8FgXG0_v6iKfxZjq4/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XVI+Flavia+Firma+-+Steadfast+Flavian+Sixteenth+Legion+-+Legio+sexta+decima+Flavia+firma+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio sexta decima Flavia firma ("Steadfast Flavian Sixteenth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. The legion was created by Emperor Vespasian in 70 from the remains of the XVI Gallica (which had surrendered in the Batavian rebellion). The unit still existed in the 4th century, when it guarded the Euphrates border and camped in Sura (Syria). The emblem of the legion was a Pegasus, although earlier studies assumed it to have been a lion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Vespasian was reorganizing the frontier along the Euphrates (for example, the old kingdom of Commagene was annexed), and the new legion was for some time stationed at Satala, on the Upper Euphrates, in the northeast of Cappadocia. It shared this section of the frontier, opposite Armenia, with XII Fulminata. There is hardly any evidence for this period in the legion's history.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Sixteenth took part in the emperor Trajan's war against the Parthian empire (114-117), and was redeployed at Samosata by Trajan's successor Hadrian (117-138). It was a quiet period and it comes as no surprise to find only evidence for civil activities, like the building of a tunnel near Seleucia in Syria.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XVI Gallica - Gallic Sixteenth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh-3DWEWOFtt_0P7U9RsGrRQEhezN6PNu_q5HvdY7F1bjNwpK-1RQ-e6-CnpjWGcRbwCJqjLBbqXjSGXZSyyAPnAsrlHKvgWho21T5YiF8OBUi5fehYKoV3cDziKAJ2fEWPL2QYXn-pIL1/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XVI+Gallica+-+Gallic+Sixteenth+Legion+-+Legio+sexta+decima+Gallica+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh-3DWEWOFtt_0P7U9RsGrRQEhezN6PNu_q5HvdY7F1bjNwpK-1RQ-e6-CnpjWGcRbwCJqjLBbqXjSGXZSyyAPnAsrlHKvgWho21T5YiF8OBUi5fehYKoV3cDziKAJ2fEWPL2QYXn-pIL1/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XVI+Gallica+-+Gallic+Sixteenth+Legion+-+Legio+sexta+decima+Gallica+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio sexta decima Gallica ("Gallic Sixteenth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. The legion was recruited by Octavian in 41/40 BC, and was disbanded after surrendering during the Batavian rebellion (AD 70); Emperor Vespasian created a new legion, the XVI Flavia Firma. The emblem of the legion was probably a lion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XX Valeria Victrix - The Twentieth Victorious Valeria Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5UrfJ5KsxNHzqzYIvhlS8lqn0Qeah5Sw6YnuHspgmWLP6L7EWoChOr4jHJ2kiOu6nKZiLreW771ozYM9y4DVMxXrpIvOgfaaf3DBvR5NgHkMYvM5HxlVUhjXgwUz1Aj05dFz96IPxhyphenhyphenfC/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XX+Valeria+Victrix+-+Twentieth+Victorious+Valeria+Legion+-+Legio+vigesima+Valeria+Victrix+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5UrfJ5KsxNHzqzYIvhlS8lqn0Qeah5Sw6YnuHspgmWLP6L7EWoChOr4jHJ2kiOu6nKZiLreW771ozYM9y4DVMxXrpIvOgfaaf3DBvR5NgHkMYvM5HxlVUhjXgwUz1Aj05dFz96IPxhyphenhyphenfC/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XX+Valeria+Victrix+-+Twentieth+Victorious+Valeria+Legion+-+Legio+vigesima+Valeria+Victrix+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio vigesima Valeria Victrix, the Twentieth Victorious Valeria Legion, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. The origin of the Legion's name is unclear and there are various theories, but the legion may have gained its title Valeria Victrix from a victory it achieved during the Great Illyrian revolt under the command of the general Marcus Valer.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This legion was probably founded after 31 BCE by the emperor Augustus, who may have integrated older units into this new legion. Its first assignment was in Hispania Tarraconensis, where it took part in Augustus' campaigns against the Cantabrians, which lasted from 25-13 BCE. This was one of the largest wars the Romans ever fought. Among the other troops involved were I Germanica, II Augusta, IIII Macedonica, V Alaudae, VI Victrix, VIIII Hispana, X Gemina, and perhaps VIII Augusta. Veterans were settled at Mérida. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After the disaster in the Teutoburg Forest (September 9), where the legions XVII, XVIII and XIX were destroyed, Tiberius, who had to restore order, took the experienced twentieth legion with him, and it was now redeployed in Germania Inferior. The legion's first base was Cologne, but when Tiberius had succeeded Augustus and had become emperor, it was transferred to Novaesium (Neuss).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Twentieth Legion was one of four (II Augusta, IX Hispana, XIV Gemina, XX Valeria) that took part in the invasion of Britain in AD 43. Based at Colchester, it was transferred in AD 49 to a site near Glevum (Gloucester) to help put down the Welsh tribes. The abandoned legionary fortress then became the foundation for Colonia Claudia, the first provincial capital of Britannia. Legio XX subsequently played an important role in the campaigns of Agricola and finally was stationed at Deva (Chester).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XXI Rapax -Twenty-First Predator Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK8zClAHAsJn5rpw4pkM_dKzlFxnYFNFNKgcvHwKBs_uuDqUV2jcxc0ix3Rr40wYOFOwMPmkld3y1ul0JryOLpcFfsicMWyPPMM9J3uWSAlHlIWgWZNGeMXA1OSDUSbggpd0Pb8VD43Eoz/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XXI+Rapax+-+Twenty-First+Predator+Legion+-+Legio+vigesima+prima+Rapax+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK8zClAHAsJn5rpw4pkM_dKzlFxnYFNFNKgcvHwKBs_uuDqUV2jcxc0ix3Rr40wYOFOwMPmkld3y1ul0JryOLpcFfsicMWyPPMM9J3uWSAlHlIWgWZNGeMXA1OSDUSbggpd0Pb8VD43Eoz/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XXI+Rapax+-+Twenty-First+Predator+Legion+-+Legio+vigesima+prima+Rapax+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio vigesima prima rapax ("Predator, Twenty-First Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was founded in 31 BC by the emperor Augustus (r. 30 BC - AD 14), probably from men previously enlisted in other legions. The XXI Rapax was destroyed in 92 by the Sarmatians. The symbol of the legion is thought to have been a Capricorn.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It was raised during Avgvstvs reign around ’30 BC, probably in Spain, and lasted until late ’80 or early ’90 AD when it was either punitively disbanded by Domitianvs or destroyed in battles in Pannonia. Stationed mostly in provinces of Germania Inferior and Superior, XXI was known for its actions during conquest of Raetia (15 BC), stirring up mutiny of the northern legions and then taking part in retaliation campaigns of Germanicus against Germanic tribes (14-16 AD), important role in the civil war of The Year of Four Emperors (69 AD) or quelling the Revolt of the Batavi (69-70 AD). It was probably one of the most unruly legions Rome has ever raised.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XXII Deiotariana - Deiotarus' Twenty-Second Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnL5yeqW5JvGU_l2HevBlY5QPHB28VhuMKXcXCevoKnj8umqNEtt-rEnXVxES1sk3Y0gHLfwF0Eeqznl-37Sk0KQsPnLKzBcJndgNXLAyCX4pT7Mz3KqUdqyvAZienG_Orb3bLjPqxpnrP/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XXII+Deiotariana+-+Deiotarus%2527+Twenty-Second+Legion+-+Legio+vigesima+secunda+Deiotariana+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnL5yeqW5JvGU_l2HevBlY5QPHB28VhuMKXcXCevoKnj8umqNEtt-rEnXVxES1sk3Y0gHLfwF0Eeqznl-37Sk0KQsPnLKzBcJndgNXLAyCX4pT7Mz3KqUdqyvAZienG_Orb3bLjPqxpnrP/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XXII+Deiotariana+-+Deiotarus%2527+Twenty-Second+Legion+-+Legio+vigesima+secunda+Deiotariana+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio vigesima secunda Deiotariana ("Deiotarus' Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army, founded ca. 48 BC and disbanded during the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–135. Its cognomen comes from Deiotarus, a Celtic king of Galatia.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion was levied by Deiotarus, king of the Celtic tribe of the Tolistobogii, who lived in Galatia, modern Turkey. Deiotarus became an ally of the Roman Republic's general Pompey in 63 BC, who named him king of all the Celtic tribes of Asia minor, which were collectively known as Galatians (hence the name Galatia for the region). Deiotarus levied an army and trained it with Roman help; the army, in 48 BC, was composed of 12,000 infantrymen and 2,000 horsemen. Cicero writes that the army was divided into thirty cohortes, which were roughly equivalent to three Roman legions of the time. This army supported the Romans in their wars against king Mithridates VI of Pontus, and contributed to Roman victory in the Third Mithridatic War.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After a heavy defeat against king Pharnaces II of Pontus near Nicopolis, the surviving soldiers of Deiotarius army formed a single legion, which marched besides Julius Caesar during his victorious campaign against Pontus, and fought with him in the battle of Zela (47 BC). When Galatia was annexed by the emperor Augustus (25 BCE), these troops were integrated by governor Marcus Lollius in the Roman army. The unit was from now on called legion XXII Deiotariana. The number was chosen because the Augustean legions numbered to twenty-one (XXI Rapax), so the addition had to be twenty-two.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XXII Primigenia - Fortune's Twenty-Second Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0iiFJYBOkD61om8jvrlH7KcTp5E9hYCBSb9mAjnF9-6CBnfgA4R3ckBV5pa9FB823PpdiWFmNE8a1UVDgxE5gX3BogmUMRnrQIBvcq2b2gO6uEf9dTRRdW3n0Elgh8-DnaGT-dUIAQSBM/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XXII+Primigenia+-+Fortune%2527s+Twenty-Second+Legion+-+Legio+vigesima+secunda+Primigenia+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0iiFJYBOkD61om8jvrlH7KcTp5E9hYCBSb9mAjnF9-6CBnfgA4R3ckBV5pa9FB823PpdiWFmNE8a1UVDgxE5gX3BogmUMRnrQIBvcq2b2gO6uEf9dTRRdW3n0Elgh8-DnaGT-dUIAQSBM/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XXII+Primigenia+-+Fortune%2527s+Twenty-Second+Legion+-+Legio+vigesima+secunda+Primigenia+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio XXII Primigenia ("Fortune's Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army dedicated to the goddess Fortuna Primigenia. Founded in AD 39 by the emperor Caligula for use in his campaigns in Germania, the XXII Primigenia spent much of their time in Mogontiacum (modern Mainz) up to the end of the 3rd century. The legion's symbols were a Capricorn and the demigod Hercules.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">XXII Primigenia was first stationed in Mogontiacum in the Roman province of Germania Superior, guarding the Rhine border as part of the limes. Along with the rest of the Germanic army, the legion supported Vitellius in the Year of the Four Emperors (69). During the Batavian rebellion, XXII Primigenia, commanded by Gaius Dillius Vocula, was the only Germanic legion that survived rebel attacks and which stayed in its camp, defending Moguntiacum. They remained in Moguntiacum until at least the 3rd century. Hadrian, prior to becoming Emperor, was tribunus militum of the XXIIth in 97-98.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Around 90, units of the XXII was garrisoned in or around the area of modern-day Butzbach, as part of the Limes Germanicus (a series of forts along the Roman frontier of Germania Superior. A stamp of the XXII Legion was found during excavations of a Roman Fort in Butzbach. The 22nd U.S. Infantry Regiment was stationed in Butzbach after World War II, and the stamp of the Legion and the emblem of the American unit were very similar.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Rhine settlement was their main camp, but vexillationes of the legion participated in the building of the Antonine Wall in Scotland (2nd century) and in the campaigns against the Sassanid Empire (around 235).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">They were still in Moguntiacum during the attack of the tribe of the Alamanni in 235, and were responsible for the lynching of Emperor Alexander Severus when he tried to negotiate with the enemy, along with the subsequent election of Maximinus Thrax as new emperor.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In 268, Primigenia probably fought under Gallienus at the Battle of Naissus, winning a victory over the Goths. The following year, the XXII Legion rebelled against Postumus, and proclaimed its commander Laelianus Emperor of the Gallic Empire.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In the beginning of the fourth century the legion was awarded the title "Primigenia CV" (presumably Constantiana Victrix). There is no record of it after the reign of Constantine the Great (r.306–337). One source suggests that it "may have been destroyed during the Battle of Mursa.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/treasures+of+rome" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix - Trajan's Victorious Thirtieth Legion</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbPhyphenhyphencuXZBATDUiGDOxbRxpy336qQVfpGJ2384-MYafxOLu4_7P2AkRagKs6ljzYhER4dFlp6Q-rMnUKpPkyBRqSM50wSONyWIcWpPI-GBa2TbBdlgUPKYy2FoukZueP2ukLR-0Ws35e6G/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XXX+Ulpia+Victrix+-+Trajan%2527s+Victorious+Thirtieth+Legion+-+Legio+trigesima+Ulpia+Victrix+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbPhyphenhyphencuXZBATDUiGDOxbRxpy336qQVfpGJ2384-MYafxOLu4_7P2AkRagKs6ljzYhER4dFlp6Q-rMnUKpPkyBRqSM50wSONyWIcWpPI-GBa2TbBdlgUPKYy2FoukZueP2ukLR-0Ws35e6G/s1600/Vexillum+of+Legio+XXX+Ulpia+Victrix+-+Trajan%2527s+Victorious+Thirtieth+Legion+-+Legio+trigesima+Ulpia+Victrix+%255B3.0%255D%255B2X2%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Legio trigesima Ulpia victrix ("Trajan's Victorious Thirtieth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was founded in AD 100 by the emperor Trajan (r. 98-117) for service in the Dacian Wars. The legion was active until disbandment of the Rhine frontier in the beginning of the 5th century. Their emblems were the gods Neptune and Jupiter and the Capricorn. Ulpia is Trajan's own gens (Ulpia), while the cognomen "Victrix" means "victorious", and was awarded after their valiant behaviour in the Dacian wars.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The legion's first base camp was in the province of Dacia in the Danube fronier, although it's likely that at least some of its legionaries took part in the Parthian campaigns of Trajan. In 122 they were moved to Colonia Ulpia Traiana (modern Xanten) in Germania Inferior, where they remained for the following centuries. Their main tasks were public construction and police affairs.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In the 2nd century and the beginning of the 3rd century, units of the XXX Ulpia Victrix were allocated in Parthia, as well as Gaul, Mauretania and other Roman provinces, due to the peaceful situation in Germania Inferior.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In the civil war of 193, XXX Ulpia Victrix supported Septimius Severus, who granted them the title of Pia Fidelis ("faithful and loyal").</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">During the latest part of Augustus' principality, XII Fulminata served in Syria, camping at Raphana. They also were the Lost Legion in Syria.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">For art pieces and other items featuring the Roman Legions artwork, please visit my galleries at <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></i></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></i></b></a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Historical data and other factual materials in this article were provide in part by Wikipedia, livius.org, britannica.com, unrv.com, ancienthistorylists.com, as well as numerous sites and social media pages of various Roman militaria enthusiasts. All the artwork here is copyright by ©Serge Averbukh, all rights reserved.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-83774621850202046142019-01-17T23:16:00.001-05:002019-01-17T23:24:24.686-05:004th Brigade Combat Team 25th Infantry Division (Airborne)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT50x5ZmZtXyCYMJFlPGRjzX9rc6cuoSNVfioYKjQif4xts-S4E9G6p38yhqAvlf0O41nv8LxvEmDKfBk00Fi6rpxcQVxKz5TT1mhtwS0i0SaZusvcoS1u4zLHq7vp1o0U6BO2WNe0ifCM/s1600/4th+Brigade+Combat+Team+25th+Infantry+Division+%2528Airborne%2529%255B4th+BCT+%2528ABN%2529%255D%255BPATCH%252BJUMP+WINGS%255D%255BPARACHUTIST+BADGE%255D%255BSSI%255D%255BOVER+FLAG%255D%255B3D%255D%255B4.4%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="849" data-original-width="1041" height="521" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT50x5ZmZtXyCYMJFlPGRjzX9rc6cuoSNVfioYKjQif4xts-S4E9G6p38yhqAvlf0O41nv8LxvEmDKfBk00Fi6rpxcQVxKz5TT1mhtwS0i0SaZusvcoS1u4zLHq7vp1o0U6BO2WNe0ifCM/s640/4th+Brigade+Combat+Team+25th+Infantry+Division+%2528Airborne%2529%255B4th+BCT+%2528ABN%2529%255D%255BPATCH%252BJUMP+WINGS%255D%255BPARACHUTIST+BADGE%255D%255BSSI%255D%255BOVER+FLAG%255D%255B3D%255D%255B4.4%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division (25th ID) is an airborne infantry brigade combat team (IBCT) of the United States Army. The unit is stationed at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Anchorage, Alaska and is the only airborne brigade combat team in the Pacific Theater. It is also the newest airborne IBCT and one of only five in the United States Army; the others are the three IBCT of the 82nd Airborne Division and the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The 4th Brigade was first activated on 6 December 1969 at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, to replace the 29th Infantry Brigade, a Hawaii Army National Guard unit that was being released from active duty, but inactivated on 15 December 1970 and reflagged as the 1st Brigade when that unit returned from Vietnam. In 2004, the United States Army announced the Army Modernization Plan, intended to restructure the U.S. Army by creating new modular brigade combat teams. A new airborne brigade combat team at Fort Richardson, Alaska was included as part of the restructuring. The new brigade was established as the fourth brigade under the lineage of the 25th Infantry Division and the first new U.S. airborne unit created since the end of World War II. The 1st Battalion, 501st Infantry Regiment (Airborne) then operating as a battalion task force and located at Fort Richardson was consolidated with the new brigade. The battalion served as a flagship unit, providing senior personnel and a training cadre for the other units of the brigade. On 14 July 2005 the brigade was officially constituted at the athletic fields of Buckner Field House, with COL Michael X. Garrett becoming the first brigade commander. At the ceremony, he officially christened the "Spartan Brigade" with the new motto "Sparta Lives."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">United States Army Alaska is the brigade's next higher command, not the 25th Infantry Division which is headquartered in Hawaii. The brigade, along with 1st Brigade Combat Team (Stryker), 25th ID, which is also stationed in Alaska, share in the history of the 25th ID, but are not subordinate to the division; the chain of command goes direct from United States Army Alaska to United States Army Pacific.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations. Please, contact for any other intended use.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">As always, my artwork featuring the insignia can be found in my “Military Insignia” galleries at <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></i></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></i></b></a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-40501528589760820382018-12-11T20:48:00.001-05:002018-12-11T20:48:41.054-05:00U.S. Marine Corps Special Operations Command - MARSOC<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiey_bD8Gd8t6s5dkK9QOq2wE57JMAyUKNw4QYq7j7AmlaIkU8METx4u0p_Ux8YMD7I_qGn_Bk06JY4n8oth4eoF7d-UFG_Y56deDaP-vJilcOGpSQClA1fe1VrQvaeEoV4OUKaOlM4qR4G/s1600/U.S.+Marine+Corps+Special+Operations+Command+%255BMARSOC%255D%255BEmblem%255D%255B3D%255D%255B3.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1032" data-original-width="1600" height="411" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiey_bD8Gd8t6s5dkK9QOq2wE57JMAyUKNw4QYq7j7AmlaIkU8METx4u0p_Ux8YMD7I_qGn_Bk06JY4n8oth4eoF7d-UFG_Y56deDaP-vJilcOGpSQClA1fe1VrQvaeEoV4OUKaOlM4qR4G/s640/U.S.+Marine+Corps+Special+Operations+Command+%255BMARSOC%255D%255BEmblem%255D%255B3D%255D%255B3.0%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC) is a component command of the United States Special Operations Command that comprises the Marine Corps' contribution to SOCOM. Its core capabilities are direct action, special reconnaissance and foreign internal defense. MARSOC has also been directed to conduct counter-terrorism, and information operations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">MARSOC's organization was finalized in 2007. The base unit of MARSOC is the fourteen-man Marine Special Operations Team (MSOT), commanded by a captain (O-3) as Team Commander, assisted by a master sergeant (E-8) as Team Chief. Each team has two identical squads, or Tactical Elements, each led by a gunnery sergeant (E-7) as Element Leader. MARSOC is based at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and is split into three subordinate commands: Marine Raider Regiment, Marine Raider Support Group, Marine Special Operations School.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As always, the above artworks are available via my “Military Insignia” galleries from <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></b></a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-54208852761462665802018-12-08T22:08:00.004-05:002018-12-08T22:08:50.904-05:00Special Operations Joint Task Force - Afghanistan - NSOCC-A/SOJTF-A <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwwMNvwnoidDY4IQ_pmz8nE7w-PP5xEIjkmOWB0jF3s1g6NP1O37cFPM7w4AFTnsSjFWL23KGXE18gs2ND38UnK8I1di30xqsA3_2nUBTGq3DK_k-eBL7SenmlSVF9De0IpPWP6k_6VFba/s1600/SOJTF-A+NSOCC-A+HQ+Afhganistan+%255BPATCH%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BLOGO%255D%255BSSI%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwwMNvwnoidDY4IQ_pmz8nE7w-PP5xEIjkmOWB0jF3s1g6NP1O37cFPM7w4AFTnsSjFWL23KGXE18gs2ND38UnK8I1di30xqsA3_2nUBTGq3DK_k-eBL7SenmlSVF9De0IpPWP6k_6VFba/s400/SOJTF-A+NSOCC-A+HQ+Afhganistan+%255BPATCH%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BLOGO%255D%255BSSI%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">United States Army Special Operations Forces - Afghanistan have been conducting operations since the fall of 2001. The SOF personnel have deployed from a number of U.S. special operations units (SEALs, Green Berets, MARSOC, etc.) and over time worked as part of several different SOF units in Afghanistan. Currently (mid-2016) almost all U.S. SOF units in Afghanistan fall under the command of the NATO Special Operations Component Command – Afghanistan / Special Operations Joint Task Force – Afghanistan. That is a long name for a military organization so most people just use the acronym of NSOCC-A / SOJTF-A. An even shortened version is NSOCC-A or SOJTF-A; depending on your nationality it seems.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">NSOCC-A / SOJTF-A is under a United States commander – a Major General (two-star) position. The non-U.S. SOF units fall under the command of NSOCC-A. U.S. SOF come under SOJTF-A. The commander of SOJTF-A is also the commander of NSOCC-A; so he is dual-hatted. He reports to the commander of the Resolute Support Mission – a U.S. four-star general.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The mission of Special Operations Forces – Afghanistan is to conduct “. . . Security Force Assistance and targeted Counter-Terrorism (CT) in Afghanistan to ensure the enduring relevance, proficiency, capability, and sustainability of the Afghan Special Security Force as a CT partner, and to deny safe haven to Al Qaeda and its affiliates and adherents.” </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The components of NSOCC-A / SOJTF-A include the Special Operations Task Force – Afghanistan (SOTF-A), a battalion-sized unit (usually U.S. Army Special Forces), Combined Joint Special Operations Aviation Component – Afghanistan (CJSOAC-A), General Command Police Special Units Special Operations Advisory Group (GCPSU SOAG), and a task force working the CT mission.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Special Operations Forces – Afghanistan are involved in the Train, Advise, and Assist (TAA) mission working with a number of Afghan SOF units. These include the Afghan National Army (ANA) Special Operations Kandaks, National Mission Units (NMU) of the Ministry of Interior, and the Afghan Air Force Special Mission Wing (SMW). U.S. SOF is also heavily involved in the advisory effort for the Afghan Local Police (ALP) – a village-focused security program sponsored by the Afghan Ministry of Interior.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In addition, there are a number of advisory teams working with the Ministry of Defense (MoD) and Ministry of Interior (MoI) as well as at the institutional level to improve the ability of the ministries and schoolhouses to support and sustain the Afghan SOF units of the army and police.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As always, artworks featuring the insignia are available via my “Military Insignia” galleries from <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></b></a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-54550767316824010562018-09-21T17:57:00.000-04:002018-09-21T17:57:30.868-04:0075th Ranger Regiment <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS6ruJxRfMiy1q0i_YSCx4Bf08qVuln0iDryRCS8C3lmOHvNeraj4IwDUHGqUO_kGBplrq83TidTC7osUomwxWQTtLjlzCT4i-qCQdlAV_UOHWxImwdj_Njxrz8AkEQGrDJnFMkiUTLJXv/s1600/75th+Ranger+Regiment%252B1st+Bn%252B2nd+Bn%252B3rd+Bn+%255BBERET+FLASH%252BDUI%252BSSI%252BRANGER+TAB%252BSUA+SPONTE%255D%255BCREST%255D%255BREGIMENTAL%252BINFANTRY%252BPARACHUTIST+INSIGNIA%255D%255B3D%255D%255B2.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1062" data-original-width="1062" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS6ruJxRfMiy1q0i_YSCx4Bf08qVuln0iDryRCS8C3lmOHvNeraj4IwDUHGqUO_kGBplrq83TidTC7osUomwxWQTtLjlzCT4i-qCQdlAV_UOHWxImwdj_Njxrz8AkEQGrDJnFMkiUTLJXv/s640/75th+Ranger+Regiment%252B1st+Bn%252B2nd+Bn%252B3rd+Bn+%255BBERET+FLASH%252BDUI%252BSSI%252BRANGER+TAB%252BSUA+SPONTE%255D%255BCREST%255D%255BREGIMENTAL%252BINFANTRY%252BPARACHUTIST+INSIGNIA%255D%255B3D%255D%255B2.0%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The 75th Ranger Regiment, also known as Army Rangers, is a light infantry airborne special operations force that is part of the United States Army Special Operations Command. The Regiment is headquartered at Fort Benning, Georgia and is composed of one special troops battalion and three Ranger battalions. The primary mission of the Regiment is to conduct direct action raids in hostile or sensitive environments worldwide, often killing or capturing high value targets.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The 75th Ranger Regiment is the U.S. Army's premier light infantry unit, with specialized skills that enable the Regiment to perform a variety of missions. Besides direct action raids, these include: Airfield seizure, special reconnaissance, personnel recovery, clandestine insertion, and site exploitation. The Regiment can deploy one Ranger battalion within 18 hours of alert notification.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The 1st Ranger Battalion, currently based at Hunter Army Airfield in Savannah, Georgia, United States, is the first of three ranger battalions belonging to the United States Army's 75th Ranger Regiment.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It was originally formed shortly after the United States' entry into World War II and was modeled after the British Commandos during the war. Members from the unit were the first American soldiers to see combat in the European theater when they participated in the failed raid on Dieppe in France in 1942, during which three Rangers were killed and several more were captured. Later, the 1st Ranger Battalion was sent to North Africa where they participated in the landings in Algeria and the fighting in Tunisia in 1943. Also in 1943 the unit provided cadre for two more Ranger battalions created between the campaigns in Sicily and Italy. After World War II, the 1st Ranger Battalion has gone through a number of changes of name and composition as it has been activated, deactivated and reorganized on a number of occasions. However, the unit has lived on in one form or another since then, serving in the Korean and Vietnam Wars before being consolidated into the 75th Ranger Regiment of which it is a part today. Recent deployments have included operations in both Iraq and Afghanistan as part of the wider global war on terrorism.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The 2nd Ranger Battalion, currently based at Joint Base Lewis-McChord south of Seattle, Washington, United States, is the second of three ranger battalions belonging to the United States Army's 75th Ranger Regiment. Primary tasks include: direct action, national and international emergency crisis response, airborne & air assault operations, special reconnaissance, intelligence & counter intelligence, combat search and rescue, personnel recovery & hostage rescue, joint special operations, and counter terrorism.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The 3rd Ranger Battalion, currently based at Fort Benning, Georgia, is the third of three ranger battalions belonging to the United States Army's 75th Ranger Regiment. Recent deployments have included Somalia as part of Task Force Ranger, as well as operations in both Iraq and Afghanistan.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations. Please, contact me for any other intended use.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As always, my artwork featuring the insignia can be found in my “Military Insignia” galleries at <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></b></a>. </span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
</div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-56181512686428636722018-08-01T13:34:00.003-04:002018-12-15T12:47:33.740-05:00Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry - PPCLI Cap Badge <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl_sTpJUZlIdOHZITnRhJN2si2Ix7hTvUHO5HKngLQOPdAGQrlHqKoJTpF7lM4i9rkO56juAeEjCpoBFiSXGUqsos-6Q3Js_oDKRtV0OzWNtDaRQXYk5jHstCOBZ5pVNwtlMS9Kr4DMSZs/s1600/Princess+Patricia%2527s+Canadian+Light+Infantry+%2528PPCLI%2529%255BCAP+BADGE%255D%255BOVER+REGIMENTAL+COLOURS%255D%255B3D%255D%255B2.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl_sTpJUZlIdOHZITnRhJN2si2Ix7hTvUHO5HKngLQOPdAGQrlHqKoJTpF7lM4i9rkO56juAeEjCpoBFiSXGUqsos-6Q3Js_oDKRtV0OzWNtDaRQXYk5jHstCOBZ5pVNwtlMS9Kr4DMSZs/s640/Princess+Patricia%2527s+Canadian+Light+Infantry+%2528PPCLI%2529%255BCAP+BADGE%255D%255BOVER+REGIMENTAL+COLOURS%255D%255B3D%255D%255B2.0%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI, generally referred to as the Patricia's) is one of the three Regular Force infantry regiments of the Canadian Army of the Canadian Armed Forces. It is named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, then daughter of the Governor General of Canada. The regiment is composed of four battalions including a Primary Reserve battalion, for a total of 2,000 soldiers. The PPCLI is the main lodger unit of Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Edmonton in Alberta and CFB Shilo in Manitoba, and attached to 3rd Canadian Division; as such it serves as the "local" regular infantry regiment for much of Western Canada. The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (LER), a Reserve Force battalion, is affiliated with the PPCLI but is not formally part of it. As part of this affiliation, the LER carries the designation '4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry'.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The regiment is a ceremonial structure, and the three battalions are independent operational entities, under the 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG). Although the regiment carries the designation of 'light infantry', two of its battalions are mechanized infantry, and the unit has never been organized as a traditional light infantry regiment.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The PPCLI was raised on the initiative of Captain Andrew Hamilton Gault in 1914, to participate in the Canadian war effort for the First World War. It was the first Canadian infantry unit to enter the theatre of operations, arriving in France on December 21, 1914. The regiment has also participated in the Second World War, the Korean War and the War in Afghanistan, as well as in numerous NATO operations and United Nations peacekeeping missions. The regiment has received 39 battle honours, three Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendations and the United States Presidential Unit Citation..</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span><br />
<br /></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-16110935091427929122018-07-31T11:45:00.000-04:002018-12-15T12:47:46.767-05:00The Toronto Scottish Regiment - Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Own Cap Badge <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_pWedbDNzhf3XdN23KINONfiX6o-8FAcUs20EloM_VQEqINSrNWCcWV9TgnTiPsUckEWvsFpWpU4vzQibYGUIRL3vQDmtyjtpqKiy-9LMcPGHopTo0b2_7NoETEfi0F5zLHMS5oZAhnBd/s1600/Toronto+Scottish+Regiment+%255BCAP+BADGE%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BOVER+REGIMENTAL+COLOURS%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_pWedbDNzhf3XdN23KINONfiX6o-8FAcUs20EloM_VQEqINSrNWCcWV9TgnTiPsUckEWvsFpWpU4vzQibYGUIRL3vQDmtyjtpqKiy-9LMcPGHopTo0b2_7NoETEfi0F5zLHMS5oZAhnBd/s640/Toronto+Scottish+Regiment+%255BCAP+BADGE%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BOVER+REGIMENTAL+COLOURS%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Toronto Scottish Regiment (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Own) is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. It is part of 4th Canadian Division's 32 Canadian Brigade Group.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The 75th (Mississauga) Battalion, the predecessor to The Toronto Scottish Regiment was raised on July 1, 1915 by Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Beckett. Within three weeks more than 1,500 personnel had been recruited. By March 1916 the battalion was fully trained and sailed for Liverpool. Over 5,500 soldiers served in the battalion during the First World War, of whom 1,049 were killed, including Lieutenant-Colonel Beckett. The 75th Battalion CEF was awarded 16 battle honours, and Captain Bellenden Hutcheson, the medical officer, was awarded the Victoria Cross. In 1921 the regiment was renamed The Toronto Scottish Regiment by the commanding officer of the day, Lieutenant-Colonel Colin Harbottle, CMG, DSO, VD.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">During the Second World War, the regiment mobilized a machine gun battalion for the 1st Canadian Division. Following a reorganization early in 1940, the battalion was reassigned to the 2nd Canadian Division, where it operated as a Support Battalion, providing machine-gun detachments for the Operation Jubilee force at Dieppe in 1942, and then with an additional company of mortars, it operated in support of the rifle battalions of the 2nd Division in northwest Europe from July 1944 to VE Day. In April 1940, the 1st Battalion also mounted the King's Guard at Buckingham Palace. A 2nd Battalion served in the reserve army in Canada.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In 2000, the regiment added a secondary title in recognition of Her Majesty The Queen Mother's long association as Colonel-in-Chief. Her Majesty had held the position since 1938. The regiment was now referred to as "The Toronto Scottish Regiment (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Own)." The regiment was part of the escort at the funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in April 2002. The regimental tartan is Hodden Grey.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">On September 12, 2009, the regiment headquarters, A Company and Administration Company moved to the Captain Bellenden Seymour Hutcheson VC Armoury, which is shared with the Toronto Police Service. On May 8, 2012, 75th Company moved from its previous location in Mississauga to a new shared government facility "The Garry W. Morden Centre" with the City of Mississauga Emergency Training Services.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-88888575783999370252018-07-30T14:34:00.000-04:002018-12-15T12:48:05.317-05:00The Royal Canadian Regiment - The RCR Cap Badge <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh98HSJ7HA7ojNZ4kZ5056lNJ0gNsz_1alqY7AREPW8f9MQo-LR7P07Or4ch2mDAeAgYXZkThfYfIAmRDbvBZWnFYbOWTvAy_skMdA4YvBWSIjmEiuwhLlE5PEfNpiMcWjDRE-NvzBTeKjy/s1600/The+Royal+Canadian+Regiment+-+RCR+Cap+Badge+over+Regimental+Colours+Colours.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh98HSJ7HA7ojNZ4kZ5056lNJ0gNsz_1alqY7AREPW8f9MQo-LR7P07Or4ch2mDAeAgYXZkThfYfIAmRDbvBZWnFYbOWTvAy_skMdA4YvBWSIjmEiuwhLlE5PEfNpiMcWjDRE-NvzBTeKjy/s640/The+Royal+Canadian+Regiment+-+RCR+Cap+Badge+over+Regimental+Colours+Colours.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Royal Canadian Regiment (The RCR) is an infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. The regiment consists of four battalions, three in the Regular Force and one in the primary reserve. The RCR is ranked 9th in the order of precedence amongst Canadian Army regiments, but is the most senior infantry regiment that has regular force battalions.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The RCR was originally authorized as the Infantry School Corps on 21 December 1883, and established its first three company stations at Fredericton, New Brunswick; St Jean, Quebec; and Toronto, Ontario. In 1887 a fourth company was authorized and the next year was established at London, Ontario. Now consisting of three Regular Force battalions and one Reserve Force battalion, the regiment's four battalions are now stationed in Ontario and New Brunswick. With many of its soldiers drawn from Ontario and the Atlantic Provinces in recent decades, the regiment maintains a general connection as the "local" infantry regiment for anglophone eastern Canada.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The RCR maintains a Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) in Petawawa, Ontario, which has no operational command role but handles regimental affairs outside the responsibility of the individual battalions. The Royal Canadian Regiment Museum is located within historic Wolseley Hall in London, Ontario. Wolseley Barracks in London has been continuously occupied by some element of the regiment since construction of Wolseley Hall was completed in 1888. At various times Wolseley Barracks has been the home of the Regimental Headquarters, the 1st and 2nd Battalions, and remains the home of the 4th Battalion today.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-46417086242855122232018-06-19T13:36:00.001-04:002018-06-19T13:36:07.561-04:00MACV-SOG: Forward Operating Base Four (FOB 4)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJab1eHP7-_ynmg7AjzKNVjKePYCh199XFIykYyvJCUjQKQAOCiXt_t1CXLWvlzFwT5QQN9i5f2ZwHgoomR4wlNX0beVm-byneX6SfzC2y3VZ0KxLSRlH9gJV-a7b0ur8anPDvfJyCCeW0/s1600/Forward+Operating+Base+Four+%255BFOB-4%255D%2528MACV-SOG%2529%255BBADGE%255D%255BPATCH%255D%255BARMY+SF+EMBLEM%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="760" data-original-width="760" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJab1eHP7-_ynmg7AjzKNVjKePYCh199XFIykYyvJCUjQKQAOCiXt_t1CXLWvlzFwT5QQN9i5f2ZwHgoomR4wlNX0beVm-byneX6SfzC2y3VZ0KxLSRlH9gJV-a7b0ur8anPDvfJyCCeW0/s400/Forward+Operating+Base+Four+%255BFOB-4%255D%2528MACV-SOG%2529%255BBADGE%255D%255BPATCH%255D%255BARMY+SF+EMBLEM%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/special+operations?page=2" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group (aka SOG, MACSOG, and MACV-SOG)</span></b></a> was a highly classified, multi-service United States special operations unit which conducted covert unconventional warfare operations prior to and during the Vietnam War.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Established on 24 January 1964, the unit conducted strategic reconnaissance missions in the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), Laos, and Cambodia; carried out the capture of enemy prisoners, rescued downed pilots, and conducted rescue operations to retrieve prisoners of war throughout Southeast Asia; and conducted clandestine agent team activities and psychological operations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The unit participated in most of the significant campaigns of the Vietnam War, including the Gulf of Tonkin incident which precipitated increased American involvement, Operation Steel Tiger, Operation Tiger Hound, the Tet Offensive, Operation Commando Hunt, the Cambodian Campaign, Operation Lam Son 719, and the Easter Offensive. The unit was formally disbanded and replaced by the Strategic Technical Directorate Assistance Team 158 on 1 May 1972.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A Forward Operating Base (FOB) is any secured forward military position, commonly a military base, that is used to support tactical operations. They may or may not contain an airfield, hospital, or other facilities, and are generally separate from a main operating base by being temporary stations rather than permanent.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">On August 23, 1968, an NVA/VC sapper attack was launched on a SOG compound in Da Nang, <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/special+operations?page=2" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FOB (forward operating base) 4</span></b>.</a> Seventeen Green Berets were killed during that attack—the single largest toll of Green Berets killed in Special Forces history.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-46805148959419138052018-06-03T21:30:00.003-04:002018-06-03T21:30:56.349-04:00Invitation Templates by 3D Insignia & Heraldry on Etsy<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTSzmwzsOOhEKCfCpKus0P9RGdJnl-D95Doe10xSL1U-ZOmM5pvlxpDY8ynHukStqlPc-bOe2MoknGiOnsuOjE-5fahVYXH5Q-UHyAURY32KpywU4vK6KBF0pyPypKznotUt1EPdbD6Fsk/s1600/MILITARY+INVITES+TEMPLATES+ON+ETSY+%255B2.0%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTSzmwzsOOhEKCfCpKus0P9RGdJnl-D95Doe10xSL1U-ZOmM5pvlxpDY8ynHukStqlPc-bOe2MoknGiOnsuOjE-5fahVYXH5Q-UHyAURY32KpywU4vK6KBF0pyPypKznotUt1EPdbD6Fsk/s640/MILITARY+INVITES+TEMPLATES+ON+ETSY+%255B2.0%255D.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A word of warning - this article is pure and shameless self-promotion. The back-story is this… For quite some time I’ve been contemplating an idea of offering my military insignia graphics downloadable and printable in some useful form. Now this idea has finally crystallized. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.etsy.com/ca/shop/Captain7DesignStudio" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">Etsy</span></b></a>. Downloadable printable invitation templates. We all need them at some point. Promotion. Send-off. Retirement. List goes on. But a good-looking and unique invitation is not easy to come by. This is where <a href="https://www.etsy.com/ca/shop/Captain7DesignStudio" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">my new Etsy shop</span></b></a> comes in. You will discover some exclusive designs, not found anywhere else. I started with a few product lines featuring branches of service and one product line (for now) showcasing rank insignia templates for each branch of service. All - instant downloads, and all can be printed on your home printer or at a local print shop. More is coming soon, including law enforcement invites. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">So, whenever you find yourself in need for a great-looking military or law enforcement (coming soon) invite for any occasion - make sure to check my <a href="https://www.etsy.com/ca/shop/Captain7DesignStudio" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">Etsy shop</span></b></a>. Custom orders are welcome.</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-71404627868394536422018-03-29T11:33:00.000-04:002018-03-29T11:37:58.811-04:003rd Battalion 133rd Field Artillery Regiment Commander Coin<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitQ8DqS_XZueH2yxp7d1qsTM7Grsbzu9Auakt2oWFkxn4YRmq_dyytgiiGpjOKGg6c_EdlthEuxJ2oRZsTtg-BIt-fs5BNXVeYtTEepjRDxhybiIdkWSpTzL4bcpt_STsK5cPXSooDgkxp/s1600/FRONT%252BBACK_3-133+FA+Commander+Coin+%255BFULL+COLOR%255D%255B3D%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="566" data-original-width="900" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitQ8DqS_XZueH2yxp7d1qsTM7Grsbzu9Auakt2oWFkxn4YRmq_dyytgiiGpjOKGg6c_EdlthEuxJ2oRZsTtg-BIt-fs5BNXVeYtTEepjRDxhybiIdkWSpTzL4bcpt_STsK5cPXSooDgkxp/s640/FRONT%252BBACK_3-133+FA+Commander+Coin+%255BFULL+COLOR%255D%255B3D%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The 133rd Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the Army National Guard, first constituted in 1899. The 133rd Field Artillery Regiment's lineage is carried by 1st Battalion, 133rd Field Artillery, a unit of the 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team, and 3rd Battalion, 133rd Field Artillery, a unit of the 56th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, both brigades of the 36th Infantry Division.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">From August 2008 to August 2009 Charlie Battery deployed as a filler unit to 3rd BN 133rd Filed Artillery (56th IBCT) in support of Iraqi Freedom. C Battery was based out of COB Adder, Tallil, Iraq carrying out the mission of Convoy Security. During the deployment, C Battery conducted over 120 Convoy Security Missions. 1 Member of the battery was awarded the Purple Heart for wounds sustained. C Battery redeployed in August 2009 and was returned to its organic Battalion. In 2011 Charlie Battery was inactivated, while 4th 133rd was reorganized into a HIMARS Battalion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In October 2009, Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, Alpha Battery, and Bravo Battery from 1st Battalion, 133d Field Artillery were mobilized for service in Operation Iraqi Freedom as part of the 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team. After completing training at Camp McGregor, NM as detainee guard force units, HHB and A Battery were deployed to Camp Cropper, Iraq, with B Battery being sent to Camp Taji, Iraq. The brigade completed operations in Iraq in July and August 2010 and redeployed to the United States, with A Battery being the last unit in the brigade to return home.Echo Battery 1/133 FA 49th AD served in Iraq March 2004 until March 2005. Attached to the 2ID and 36ID. 1st and 3rd counter motor radar units were assigned to FOB Marez, Mozul, Iraq. Other radar units were stationed in different areas of Iraq.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-62129711071140067742018-03-06T18:44:00.000-05:002018-03-06T18:47:55.911-05:00United States Cyber Command - CYBERCOM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu1mebbqk8MSsWICnY5ZzLdoKyX6oIeAoH4tYDhyphenhyphenH-qz65blCjVdIYSgpW9xkPMRuIJyOFU9uv3MQ2ZekRK-GXj_4QBYtDERcdPBYqJxH2mfXcs9AjDrI13s8LwYTyiEGG_YS0_KLIIdsd/s1600/United+States+Cyber+Command+%255BUSCYBERCOM%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BSEAL%255D%255B3D%255D%255B2.1%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="450" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu1mebbqk8MSsWICnY5ZzLdoKyX6oIeAoH4tYDhyphenhyphenH-qz65blCjVdIYSgpW9xkPMRuIJyOFU9uv3MQ2ZekRK-GXj_4QBYtDERcdPBYqJxH2mfXcs9AjDrI13s8LwYTyiEGG_YS0_KLIIdsd/s400/United+States+Cyber+Command+%255BUSCYBERCOM%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BSEAL%255D%255B3D%255D%255B2.1%255D.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) is a Subordinate Unified Combatant Command of U.S. Strategic Command. The Command unifies the direction of cyberspace operations, strengthens DoD cyberspace capabilities, and integrates and bolsters DoD's cyber expertise.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">USCYBERCOM was created in 2009 at the National Security Agency (NSA) headquarters in Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. It uses NSA networks and has been headed by the Director of the National Security Agency since its inception. While originally created with a defensive mission in mind, it has increasingly been viewed as an offensive force. On 18 August 2017, it was announced that USCYBERCOM is to be elevated to the status of a full and independent Unified Combatant Command.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">According to the US Department of Defense (DoD), USCYBERCOM "plans, coordinates, integrates, synchronizes and conducts activities to: direct the operations and defense of specified Department of Defense information networks and; prepare to, and when directed, conduct full spectrum military cyberspace operations in order to enable actions in all domains, ensure US/Allied freedom of action in cyberspace and deny the same to our adversaries."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The text "9ec4c12949a4f31474f299058ce2b22a", located in the command's emblem, is the MD5 hash of their mission statement.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The command is charged with pulling together existing cyberspace resources, creating synergies and synchronizing war-fighting effects to defend the information security environment. USCYBERCOM is tasked with centralizing command of cyberspace operations, strengthening DoD cyberspace capabilities, and integrating and bolstering DoD's cyber expertise.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">As always, artworks featuring the insignia are available via my “Military Insignia” galleries from <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><i>FineArt America</i></span></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></i></b></a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-1923541936014037502018-03-01T14:03:00.000-05:002018-03-01T14:46:35.660-05:00Canada Border Services Agency - CBSA <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmcaRLBtqPlXRHL3m2bBhtwKGVkk2SAp1pEO4BmcXrO_V5gcSEYmrU9InQ6Wwn9tXRcMpQAJ7xbncI_oOG6L_laezTPsWFiTsKEmwX1oYbkWKUtDfYukhooHRDXQDbC0YU0o1D-FbfOXeq/s1600/Canada+Border+Services+Agency+-+CBSA++%255BBADGE%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BLOGO%255D%255BCREST%255D%255Bover+CBSA+FLAG+%255D%255B2.2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="927" height="461" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmcaRLBtqPlXRHL3m2bBhtwKGVkk2SAp1pEO4BmcXrO_V5gcSEYmrU9InQ6Wwn9tXRcMpQAJ7xbncI_oOG6L_laezTPsWFiTsKEmwX1oYbkWKUtDfYukhooHRDXQDbC0YU0o1D-FbfOXeq/s640/Canada+Border+Services+Agency+-+CBSA++%255BBADGE%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BLOGO%255D%255BCREST%255D%255Bover+CBSA+FLAG+%255D%255B2.2%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) (French: Agence des services frontaliers du Canada—ASFC) is a federal agency that is responsible for border enforcement, immigration enforcement and customs services.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Agency was created on December 12, 2003 by an order-in-council amalgamating Canada Customs (from the now-defunct Canada Customs and Revenue Agency) with border and enforcement personnel from the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). The Agency's creation was formalized by the Canada Border Services Agency Act, which received Royal Assent on November 3, 2005.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Since the September 11 attacks against the United States, Canada's border operations have placed an enhanced emphasis on national security and public safety. The Canada–United States Smart Border Declaration, created by John Manley and Tom Ridge, then first U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security of the Department of Homeland Security, has provided objectives for co-operation between Canadian and American border operations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The CBSA oversees approximately 1,200 service locations across Canada, and 39 in other countries. It employs over 12,000 public servants, and offers around-the-clock service at 119 land border crossings and thirteen international airports.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Agency oversees operations at three major sea ports and three mail centres, and operates detention facilities known as immigration holding centres in Laval, Toronto, and Vancouver.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The CBSA operates an Inland Enforcement branch, which tracks down and removes foreign nationals who are in Canada illegally. Inland Enforcement Officers are "plain-clothes" units, and are armed with the same sidearm pistol (PX4D Storm chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum) as port of entry Border Services Officers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">As always, the above artworks are available via my “Military Insignia” galleries from <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></b></a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, Canadian Heraldic Authority, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-80168283224209386092018-02-28T16:53:00.000-05:002018-02-28T16:53:22.573-05:00California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation - CDCR SERT and CRTs<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLyB9ENCjAW5ZY-Vk9APWo_q9Zg_u0F06JLBAmEpZat6QukBs9r90Cq4gwkVLrCn1ArSAX29Rs_EQESF9LQcFQpCSqjYKvnoW76dBNwvFaj52O9alW-70bAI2P9iIUV5g3xmmkB-QMHIZf/s1600/California+Department+of+Corrections+and+Rehabilitation+%255BCDCR%255D%255BPOLICE+BADGES%255D%255B3D%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="713" data-original-width="1600" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLyB9ENCjAW5ZY-Vk9APWo_q9Zg_u0F06JLBAmEpZat6QukBs9r90Cq4gwkVLrCn1ArSAX29Rs_EQESF9LQcFQpCSqjYKvnoW76dBNwvFaj52O9alW-70bAI2P9iIUV5g3xmmkB-QMHIZf/s640/California+Department+of+Corrections+and+Rehabilitation+%255BCDCR%255D%255BPOLICE+BADGES%255D%255B3D%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) is responsible for the operation of the California state prison and parole systems. Its headquarters are in Sacramento. CDCR is the 3rd largest law enforcement in the United States behind the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) which is an arm of Dept of Homeland Security (DHS), and the New York City Police Department, which employ approximately 66,000 federal officers and 42,000 police officers respectively. CDCR correctional officers are sworn law enforcement officers with peace officer powers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Within the CDC emergency situations, and high-risk special assignments are handled by a highly trained specialist unit known as the Special Emergency Response Team, or SERT. Every level II through IV facility is required to maintain a SERT. SERTs are used in situations when regular institutional forces are unable to maintain or regain control of a situation, or when the situation is of such a high-risk, that the SERT's specialized skills and equipment are deemed useful. When employed, a SERTs primary responsibility is "To save lives and protect property".</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">SERT teams are composed of volunteer personnel, who when not training or activated, are assigned to regular full-time correctional duty assignments. Team size varies from institution to institution (12-21 members) depending on the size of the facility, its location, the institution's security level, inmate population, and the response time of addtional support units. All SERT personnel are on 24 hour standby to be recalled to their assigned institution, or to any other institution needing assistance.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">SERTs can trace their origins to the loosely organized tactical teams formed during the sixty's and seventy's to deal with disturbances within CDC facilities. These teams had no formalized training, structure, equipment or standardized operating procedures (SOPs). In 1982 the Director authorized a an assessment to study the Departments ability to respond to disturbances within CDC facilities. Upon completion of the assessment the Director recommended the establishment of a Disturbance Control Program with in the CDC. SERTs were a major component of the new program, and in May 1983 the department conducted its first formalized SERT training academy, with official authorization and funding being granted by the Governor and state Legislator in July of 1984.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For fine art pieces and other products with my law enforcement artwork, please visit my <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/collections/law+enforcement+insignia+heraldry" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">'Law Enforcement Insignia & Heraldry' galleries</span></b></a> at <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/Captain7/portfolio" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></b></a>. Also, don’t forget to navigate to <a href="http://www.norbay.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">Special Operations Group website</span></b></a> and check out their extensive product selections. Upon request, artwork in those galleries can be customized with ranks and, wherever appropriate - individual badge numbers. </span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-13637015352338729962017-12-04T19:44:00.000-05:002017-12-04T19:44:13.518-05:00Special Air Service 2.0<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMu36W1j_0ru0U0zjd-7OvXkwG06rU3lyKk_LqAyAT7yjHoMaOVTX3mPnXsU0BrZoO8AQVsNdBMOR_ayTJMwzwBQRPKbq6uibRGstttJt_is6zyNqpdyyOHsT1tuwcmWO409E5AFloy55z/s1600/Special+Air+Service+%255BSAS%255D%255BBadge%255D%255BLOGO%255D%255BCREST%255D%255BEMBLEM%252BFLAG%255D%255B3D%255D%255B3.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1081" data-original-width="1336" height="516" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMu36W1j_0ru0U0zjd-7OvXkwG06rU3lyKk_LqAyAT7yjHoMaOVTX3mPnXsU0BrZoO8AQVsNdBMOR_ayTJMwzwBQRPKbq6uibRGstttJt_is6zyNqpdyyOHsT1tuwcmWO409E5AFloy55z/s640/Special+Air+Service+%255BSAS%255D%255BBadge%255D%255BLOGO%255D%255BCREST%255D%255BEMBLEM%252BFLAG%255D%255B3D%255D%255B3.0%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Special Air Service or SAS is a corps constituted on 31 May 1950. They are part of the United Kingdom Special Forces (UKSF) and have served as a model for the special forces of many other countries all over the world. The SAS together with the Special Boat Service (SBS), Special Reconnaissance Regiment (SRR), and the Special Forces Support Group (SFSG) form the UKSF under the command of the Director Special Forces.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">While the SAS traces its origins to 1941 and the Second World War, it was reformed in 1947, and named the 21st Battalion, SAS Regiment, (Artists Rifles). The 22 SAS later gained fame and recognition worldwide after successfully assaulting the Iranian Embassy in London and rescuing hostages during the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege, lifting the regiment from obscurity outside the military establishment.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Special Air Service presently comprises 22 Special Air Service Regiment, 21 Special Air Service Regiment and 23 Special Air Service Regiment. It is tasked with special operations in wartime, and primarily counter-terrorism in peacetime.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As always, the artworks featuring the insignia are available via my “Military Insignia” galleries from <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/captain7?asc=u" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></b></a>. You can just follow the links in the article to get to the corresponding galleries.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations. Please, contact for any other intended use.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-84784290164104587432017-11-21T00:47:00.001-05:002017-11-21T00:47:29.526-05:00The Corps of Royal Marines (RM)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLqEhNju9K5EZMn49JiPvV8fIq5uKR70r_Qr1yw8dLXO9XMAiYG3fj7MceA0c2okdk05HE07tzTPbIoUD4_zvTNiYlQl-r3eK1bL7-oKF6QFmhrG9KUAau8YP_0GQBrJMkK8b-jz5DmB1p/s1600/British+Royal+Marine+Badge+%255BCREST%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BFLAG%255D%255BCOLOURS%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLqEhNju9K5EZMn49JiPvV8fIq5uKR70r_Qr1yw8dLXO9XMAiYG3fj7MceA0c2okdk05HE07tzTPbIoUD4_zvTNiYlQl-r3eK1bL7-oKF6QFmhrG9KUAau8YP_0GQBrJMkK8b-jz5DmB1p/s1600/British+Royal+Marine+Badge+%255BCREST%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BFLAG%255D%255BCOLOURS%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Corps of Royal Marines (RM) is the United Kingdom's amphibious light infantry force, forming part of the Naval Service, along with the Royal Navy. The Royal Marines were formed in 1755 as the Royal Navy's infantry troops. However, the marines can trace their origins back to the formation of the English Army's "Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of Foot" at the grounds of the Honourable Artillery Company on 28 October 1664.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As a highly specialised and adaptable light infantry force, the Royal Marines are trained for rapid deployment worldwide and capable of dealing with a wide range of threats. The Royal Marines are organised into a light infantry brigade (3 Commando Brigade) and a number of separate units, including 1 Assault Group Royal Marines, 43 Commando Royal Marines formerly Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines (previously the Comacchio Group), and a company strength commitment to the Special Forces Support Group. The Corps operates in all environments and climates, though particular expertise and training is spent on amphibious warfare, arctic warfare, mountain warfare, expeditionary warfare, and its commitment to the UK's Rapid Reaction Force.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Throughout its history, the Royal Marines have seen action in a number of major wars often fighting beside the British Army – including the Seven Years' War, the Napoleonic Wars, the Crimean War, World War I and World War II. In recent times the Corps has been largely deployed in expeditionary warfare roles such as the Falklands War, the Gulf War, the Bosnian War, the Kosovo War, the Sierra Leone Civil War, the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan. The Royal Marines have close international ties with allied marine forces, particularly the United States Marine Corps and the Netherlands Marine Corps (Dutch: Korps Mariniers). Today, the Royal Marines are an elite fighting force within the British Armed forces, having undergone many substantial changes over time.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As always, the artworks feturing the insignia are available via my galleries at </span><a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></b></a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> and </span><a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/captain7?ref=account-nav-dropdown&asc=u" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></b></a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">. You can just follow the links in the article to get to the corresponding galleries.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations. Please, contact for any other intended use.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-82565773848851805372017-11-18T18:17:00.001-05:002017-11-18T18:17:29.477-05:00Special Boat Service (SBS)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTKyB5B8_ShK8DFJwhOm8q9mdCI7MhRtuNZErNTgFCQ331b11uB_mtgVAaNeuYb2StzOhJ0SHey_qsqEVLhRh3i1FxJvg6365hXdwYyx3NCjCQfDXZdngGUClt0IfkM5LhGMaa6fT-RQz/s1600/Special+Boat+Service+%255BSBS%255D%255BBADGE%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BCREST%255D%255BPATCH%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="525" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTKyB5B8_ShK8DFJwhOm8q9mdCI7MhRtuNZErNTgFCQ331b11uB_mtgVAaNeuYb2StzOhJ0SHey_qsqEVLhRh3i1FxJvg6365hXdwYyx3NCjCQfDXZdngGUClt0IfkM5LhGMaa6fT-RQz/s1600/Special+Boat+Service+%255BSBS%255D%255BBADGE%255D%255BEMBLEM%255D%255BCREST%255D%255BPATCH%255D%255B3D%255D%255B1.0%255D.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Special Boat Service (SBS) is the special forces unit of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. The SBS can trace its origins to the Second World War to the Army Special Boat Section formed in 1940. After the Second World War, the Royal Marines formed special forces with several name changes with Special Boat Company adopted in 1951 which was re-designated as the Special Boat Squadron in 1974 and on 28 July 1987 to the Special Boat Service after assuming responsibility for maritime counter terrorism.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Special Boat Service is the maritime special forces unit of the United Kingdom Special Forces and is described as the sister unit of the British Army 22 Special Air Service Regiment (22 SAS) with both under the operational control of the Director Special Forces. In October 2001, full command of the SBS was transferred from the Royal Marines to the Royal Navy whilst retaining the Green beret. On 18 November 2003, the SBS was given their own cap badge with the motto "By Strength and Guile". This follows opening recruitment from only the Royal Marines to all three services of the British Armed Forces. The SBS has traditionally been manned mostly by Royal Marines Commandos.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As always, the artworks feturing the insignia are available via my “Military Insignia” galleries from <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/captain7?ref=account-nav-dropdown&asc=u" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></b></a>. You can just follow the links in the article to get to the corresponding galleries.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations. Please, contact for any other intended use.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2437815108851602569.post-76616075632817978902017-11-12T16:17:00.001-05:002017-11-12T16:17:10.775-05:00Special Operations Command Korea - SOCKOR 2.0<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2H7NBELbOBIXDcTj3GQ72r_UX9HVyUwkxn9X2FYB8TLbzMgkh-iHeBf8MfjArpdhao9p_tIVR-rvc_LU_0x9Oi2AuQa_skGjtUqBy_3a0Klvxsf6kZTcRjsnDAYqHC01r1IleZarJJRuw/s1600/Special+Operations+Command+Korea+%255BSOCKOR%255D%255BEmblem%255D%255BSEAL%255D%255BPATCH%255D%255BDUI%255D%255BSSI%255D%255BCSID%255D%255B3D%255D%255B3.0%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2H7NBELbOBIXDcTj3GQ72r_UX9HVyUwkxn9X2FYB8TLbzMgkh-iHeBf8MfjArpdhao9p_tIVR-rvc_LU_0x9Oi2AuQa_skGjtUqBy_3a0Klvxsf6kZTcRjsnDAYqHC01r1IleZarJJRuw/s640/Special+Operations+Command+Korea+%255BSOCKOR%255D%255BEmblem%255D%255BSEAL%255D%255BPATCH%255D%255BDUI%255D%255BSSI%255D%255BCSID%255D%255B3D%255D%255B3.0%255D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Special Operations Command Korea or SOCKOR, the United States (U.S.) Theater Special Operations Command (TSOC) in the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a Sub-Unified Command assigned under the Combatant Command (COCOM) of United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), who delegated Operational Command (OPCON) of SOCKOR to the U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM) Commander, who further delegated OPCON of SOCKOR to the United States Forces Korea (USFK) Commander.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">SOCKOR focuses on readiness and the ability to fight in defense of the Korean peninsula and the U.S.-ROK Alliance. This is accomplished through several means, ranging from individual and unit readiness and training to continuous updates and validation of operational plans, and participation in Joint Chiefs of Staff and other exercises. During armistice, crisis, and conflict, SOCKOR serves as the headquarters for command and control of all U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF) assets in Korea, develops supporting plans, and works together with the Republic of Korea Special Warfare Command (ROK SWC) and United Nations (U.N.) SOF in support of the Commander, United Nations Command (UNC)/ Combined Forces Command (CFC)/ United States Forces Korea (USFK) in order to deter aggression and promote stability in the region. On order, SOCKOR combines with ROK SWC to form the Combined Unconventional Warfare Task Force (CUWTF) and the Commander, SOCKOR also becomes the United Nations Command Special Operations Component (UNCSOC) Commanding General to conduct special operations in support of the Commander, UNC/CFC/USFK efforts to defeat external threats and restore stability.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As always, artwork featuring the insignia can be found in my <a href="https://serge-averbukh.pixels.com/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">FineArt America</span></b></a> and <a href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/captain7?ref=account-nav-dropdown&asc=u" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">RedBubble</span></b></a> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">galleries</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">. You can just follow the links in the article.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To active duty or reserve military personnel, veterans and their family members: I grant an explicit permission to download the above images to be used for non-profit/non-commercial and charitable causes, benefiting troops and their families, as well as for non-commercial internal duty-specific purposes, such as unit website design, training materials and presentations.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The above information provided in part by Wikipedia, The Institute of Heraldry, Global Security, and the official websites of the corresponding units and formations.</span></div>
Serge Averbukhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00488740132817254730noreply@blogger.com0